NUR 2101 Exam Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025-2026 Graded A+
Micro level - Answers patient and practitioner
Meso level - Answers patient and community
Macro level - Answers patient and legislation
Cor pulmonale - Answers right sided heart failure
Sign - Answers objective evidence. Something you can see or measure like a rash or vital sign
Symptom - Answers subjective evidence. What the patient is telling you like pain, fatigue or thirst
Claudication - Answers intermittent pain when walking or moving. Seen in arterial disease
Polyuria - Answers frequent urination
Polydipsia - Answers increased thirst and fluid intake
Polyphagia - Answers increased appetite
Clinical incidences - Answers when an adverse occurrence happens to a person while in hospital or in a
lower level care area or nursing home
Sentinel events - Answers an extension of clinical incidences where there has been major morbidity to
the person e.g. not assessed or treated adequately which then causes more harm or even death
Assessment - Answers the initial and ingoing data collected about a person and family which is directed
at finding out info in order to work up a plan of care
Patient education - Answers the process of teaching the patient information and tasks related to their
disease process by the patient is not just their disease
Self-management - Answers teaches a patient the skills to solve problems related to their disease in
their context
Dementia - Answers a collection of manifestations caused by a variety of disorders that affect the brain
Alzheimer's - Answers a form of dementia characterised by progressive, irreversible deterioration of
general intellectual functioning
Parkinson's disease - Answers common degenerative neurological disease with no known cause.
Characterised by a tremor, muscle rigidity and bradykinesia
Multiple sclerosis (MS) - Answers chronic neurological disorder, characterised by inflammatory,
demyelination and gliosis (scarring) of CNS
Medications for Alzheimer's disease - Answers donepezil and hydrochloride
, Multiple sclerosis medication - Answers teriflunomide
Parkinson's disease medication - Answers levodopa
Diabetes - Answers a term used to describe a group of metabolic diseases where hyperglycaemia is the
end result of issues relating to either the products of insulin or the action of insulin
Pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes - Answers a complex mix of environmental factors, autoantibodies
and genetic susceptibility cause destruction of beta cells in pancreatic islets, which creates an insulin
deficiency and eventually a complete lack of insulin
Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes - Answers results from insulin resistance with a defect in
compensatory insulin secretion as the pancreatic beta cells function deteriorates over time
Blood glucose rising - Answers the pancreas releases glucagon, the liver breaks down the glycogen and
the blood glucose level rises
Blood glucose falling - Answers pancreas releases insulin, the liver produces glycogen and the cells take
up glucose from the blood, making the blood glucose fall
Gestational diabetes - Answers a temporary condition that occurs in pregnancy and carries long term
risk of type 2 diabetes from the woman
Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. This hormone causes the liver
to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream - Answers
Respiratory centre - Answers pons and medulla of the brain
Difference between asthma and COPD - Answers asthma is reversible airway limitation, COPD is
irreversible
Peripheral vascular disease - Answers affects the peripheral circulation and comprises of diseases
associated with both the arteries and peripheral veins (Arterial and venous disease)
Arteriosclerosis - Answers most common arterial disorder which is the loss of elasticity, thickening and
calcification of the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis - Answers deposits fat and fibrin which obstructs and hardens the arteries
Varicose veins - Answers blood is pooled in the veins and legs and is commonly caused by valvular
incompetence and DVT's
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - Answers this pooling increases pressure on the walls of the veins and red
blood cells can leak into the surrounding tissues, causing 'staining'
Arterial disease skin - Answers shiny, hairless, brittle toenails and little or localised oedema. Normal on
atrophic, pallor on elevation and rubor on dependency
Micro level - Answers patient and practitioner
Meso level - Answers patient and community
Macro level - Answers patient and legislation
Cor pulmonale - Answers right sided heart failure
Sign - Answers objective evidence. Something you can see or measure like a rash or vital sign
Symptom - Answers subjective evidence. What the patient is telling you like pain, fatigue or thirst
Claudication - Answers intermittent pain when walking or moving. Seen in arterial disease
Polyuria - Answers frequent urination
Polydipsia - Answers increased thirst and fluid intake
Polyphagia - Answers increased appetite
Clinical incidences - Answers when an adverse occurrence happens to a person while in hospital or in a
lower level care area or nursing home
Sentinel events - Answers an extension of clinical incidences where there has been major morbidity to
the person e.g. not assessed or treated adequately which then causes more harm or even death
Assessment - Answers the initial and ingoing data collected about a person and family which is directed
at finding out info in order to work up a plan of care
Patient education - Answers the process of teaching the patient information and tasks related to their
disease process by the patient is not just their disease
Self-management - Answers teaches a patient the skills to solve problems related to their disease in
their context
Dementia - Answers a collection of manifestations caused by a variety of disorders that affect the brain
Alzheimer's - Answers a form of dementia characterised by progressive, irreversible deterioration of
general intellectual functioning
Parkinson's disease - Answers common degenerative neurological disease with no known cause.
Characterised by a tremor, muscle rigidity and bradykinesia
Multiple sclerosis (MS) - Answers chronic neurological disorder, characterised by inflammatory,
demyelination and gliosis (scarring) of CNS
Medications for Alzheimer's disease - Answers donepezil and hydrochloride
, Multiple sclerosis medication - Answers teriflunomide
Parkinson's disease medication - Answers levodopa
Diabetes - Answers a term used to describe a group of metabolic diseases where hyperglycaemia is the
end result of issues relating to either the products of insulin or the action of insulin
Pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes - Answers a complex mix of environmental factors, autoantibodies
and genetic susceptibility cause destruction of beta cells in pancreatic islets, which creates an insulin
deficiency and eventually a complete lack of insulin
Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes - Answers results from insulin resistance with a defect in
compensatory insulin secretion as the pancreatic beta cells function deteriorates over time
Blood glucose rising - Answers the pancreas releases glucagon, the liver breaks down the glycogen and
the blood glucose level rises
Blood glucose falling - Answers pancreas releases insulin, the liver produces glycogen and the cells take
up glucose from the blood, making the blood glucose fall
Gestational diabetes - Answers a temporary condition that occurs in pregnancy and carries long term
risk of type 2 diabetes from the woman
Glucagon is a peptide hormone, produced by alpha cells of the pancreas. This hormone causes the liver
to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is released into the bloodstream - Answers
Respiratory centre - Answers pons and medulla of the brain
Difference between asthma and COPD - Answers asthma is reversible airway limitation, COPD is
irreversible
Peripheral vascular disease - Answers affects the peripheral circulation and comprises of diseases
associated with both the arteries and peripheral veins (Arterial and venous disease)
Arteriosclerosis - Answers most common arterial disorder which is the loss of elasticity, thickening and
calcification of the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis - Answers deposits fat and fibrin which obstructs and hardens the arteries
Varicose veins - Answers blood is pooled in the veins and legs and is commonly caused by valvular
incompetence and DVT's
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - Answers this pooling increases pressure on the walls of the veins and red
blood cells can leak into the surrounding tissues, causing 'staining'
Arterial disease skin - Answers shiny, hairless, brittle toenails and little or localised oedema. Normal on
atrophic, pallor on elevation and rubor on dependency
