TESTOUT LINUX PRO FINAL STUDY EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+2025/2026
✔✔Type the full path to the executable file. (run an executable) - ✔✔Does not reside in
the current working directory and its directory is not included within the path
environment variable
✔✔file names and paths - ✔✔are case sensitive
✔✔Linux shell history of commands - ✔✔The commands are stored as a history queue
within the hidden .bash_history file in your home directory.
Press the Up and Down keys to scroll through your previously typed commands.You
can edit the command or re-run it as is by pressing Enter.
✔✔Type history - ✔✔to display the commands stored in the history queue.
✔✔Type history -c - ✔✔to clear the history queue.
✔✔Tab - ✔✔The commands are stored in the .bash_history file in your home directory.
After typing the beginning of a command, file, or directory, press Tab to complete it.
If pressing Tab does not fully complete the command, file, or directory, press Tab
again.If there is no matching command, file, or directory name, your command entry will
not change.If there is more than one matching command, file, or directory name, a list of
all matches will be displayed to help you resolve your command entry.
✔✔pwd - ✔✔Shows the present working directory.
✔✔whoami - ✔✔Displays the current username.
✔✔uname - ✔✔Prints system information. The uname command has the following
options:
✔✔uname -a - ✔✔Prints all system information
✔✔uname -o - ✔✔prints the operating system
✔✔uname -p - ✔✔prints the processor's architecture type
✔✔su - ✔✔Switches users in the shell prompt. The su command has the following
options:
✔✔su -l [username] - ✔✔switches to the specified user and creates a new login shell.
, ✔✔su [username] - ✔✔(without the dash, but with the username) switches to the user in
the current shell.
✔✔su - [username] - ✔✔(with the dash and the username) switches to the user and
loads that user's environmental variables.
✔✔su - - ✔✔(with the dash, but without the username) switches to the root user and
loads the root user's environmental variables.
✔✔root user - ✔✔The root user account is the Linux system superuser.
The root user can perform any task; some utilities do not work if the administrator is not
logged in as the root user.
✔✔su (no dash or username) - ✔✔switches to the root user, but does not load the root
user's environmental variables.
su requires the password of the user except when switching from root to a normal user.
✔✔exit - ✔✔Exits the current shell (which may close the login shell) or to go back to the
original user after using the su command.
✔✔exec - ✔✔Executes an executable to replace the shell process with the new process
created by the executable file.
✔✔cd - ✔✔Changes directories. For example, when the /usr directory is the current
directory:
cd bin changes to the bin directory in the current directory.
cd /usr/bin changes to the /usr/bin directory from anywhere in the file system.
✔✔ls - ✔✔Shows names of files and directories in the current directory.
✔✔ls -a - ✔✔shows all files and directories, including hidden files.
✔✔ls -l - ✔✔shows extended information about files, including size, permissions, owner,
and modified date.
✔✔ls -d - ✔✔displays only directories.
✔✔ls -s - ✔✔sorts files by size
✔✔ls -X - ✔✔sorts by extension
✔✔Many distributions use a color scheme to identify different file types as follows: -
✔✔Directories are blue.
Text files are white.
WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED A+2025/2026
✔✔Type the full path to the executable file. (run an executable) - ✔✔Does not reside in
the current working directory and its directory is not included within the path
environment variable
✔✔file names and paths - ✔✔are case sensitive
✔✔Linux shell history of commands - ✔✔The commands are stored as a history queue
within the hidden .bash_history file in your home directory.
Press the Up and Down keys to scroll through your previously typed commands.You
can edit the command or re-run it as is by pressing Enter.
✔✔Type history - ✔✔to display the commands stored in the history queue.
✔✔Type history -c - ✔✔to clear the history queue.
✔✔Tab - ✔✔The commands are stored in the .bash_history file in your home directory.
After typing the beginning of a command, file, or directory, press Tab to complete it.
If pressing Tab does not fully complete the command, file, or directory, press Tab
again.If there is no matching command, file, or directory name, your command entry will
not change.If there is more than one matching command, file, or directory name, a list of
all matches will be displayed to help you resolve your command entry.
✔✔pwd - ✔✔Shows the present working directory.
✔✔whoami - ✔✔Displays the current username.
✔✔uname - ✔✔Prints system information. The uname command has the following
options:
✔✔uname -a - ✔✔Prints all system information
✔✔uname -o - ✔✔prints the operating system
✔✔uname -p - ✔✔prints the processor's architecture type
✔✔su - ✔✔Switches users in the shell prompt. The su command has the following
options:
✔✔su -l [username] - ✔✔switches to the specified user and creates a new login shell.
, ✔✔su [username] - ✔✔(without the dash, but with the username) switches to the user in
the current shell.
✔✔su - [username] - ✔✔(with the dash and the username) switches to the user and
loads that user's environmental variables.
✔✔su - - ✔✔(with the dash, but without the username) switches to the root user and
loads the root user's environmental variables.
✔✔root user - ✔✔The root user account is the Linux system superuser.
The root user can perform any task; some utilities do not work if the administrator is not
logged in as the root user.
✔✔su (no dash or username) - ✔✔switches to the root user, but does not load the root
user's environmental variables.
su requires the password of the user except when switching from root to a normal user.
✔✔exit - ✔✔Exits the current shell (which may close the login shell) or to go back to the
original user after using the su command.
✔✔exec - ✔✔Executes an executable to replace the shell process with the new process
created by the executable file.
✔✔cd - ✔✔Changes directories. For example, when the /usr directory is the current
directory:
cd bin changes to the bin directory in the current directory.
cd /usr/bin changes to the /usr/bin directory from anywhere in the file system.
✔✔ls - ✔✔Shows names of files and directories in the current directory.
✔✔ls -a - ✔✔shows all files and directories, including hidden files.
✔✔ls -l - ✔✔shows extended information about files, including size, permissions, owner,
and modified date.
✔✔ls -d - ✔✔displays only directories.
✔✔ls -s - ✔✔sorts files by size
✔✔ls -X - ✔✔sorts by extension
✔✔Many distributions use a color scheme to identify different file types as follows: -
✔✔Directories are blue.
Text files are white.
