FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING 2025
origination of the word "nurse" - ANSWERfrom the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses - ANSWERcommunicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate,
collaborator
coping with disability and death - ANSWERnurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and
potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life
care, hospice
The Nursing Process - ANSWER-one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts - ANSWER-define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and
LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs - ANSWERrespirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - ANSWER-well defined body specific and
unique knowledge
,-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale - ANSWERdefined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from
medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton - ANSWERestablished red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge - ANSWER-traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective - ANSWERyou can see the object
subjective - ANSWERcoming from that subject
types of knowledge - ANSWER-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining
events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop and
construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)
goals of nursing research - ANSWER-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
, -provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning - ANSWERexamines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas
inductive reasoning - ANSWERone builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general
ideas
health - ANSWERa state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
illness - ANSWERthe unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed
level of functioning
wellness - ANSWERan active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental,
and emotional health
nursing theory - ANSWERdifferentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the
purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care
practices
evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANSWERa problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using
the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may
consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP - ANSWERStep 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a decision
to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
origination of the word "nurse" - ANSWERfrom the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses - ANSWERcommunicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate,
collaborator
coping with disability and death - ANSWERnurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and
potentials, refer to community support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life
care, hospice
The Nursing Process - ANSWER-one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts - ANSWER-define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for RNs and
LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs - ANSWERrespirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria - ANSWER-well defined body specific and
unique knowledge
,-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale - ANSWERdefined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from
medicine, created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
Clara Barton - ANSWERestablished red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge - ANSWER-traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective - ANSWERyou can see the object
subjective - ANSWERcoming from that subject
types of knowledge - ANSWER-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining
events and occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop and
construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)
goals of nursing research - ANSWER-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
, -provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning - ANSWERexamines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas
inductive reasoning - ANSWERone builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general
ideas
health - ANSWERa state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
illness - ANSWERthe unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed
level of functioning
wellness - ANSWERan active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental,
and emotional health
nursing theory - ANSWERdifferentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the
purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care
practices
evidence-based practice (EBP) - ANSWERa problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using
the best evidence available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may
consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP - ANSWERStep 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an
intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in making a decision
to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
