NURS 3280 Test 1 with Complete Solutions 2025

NURS 3280 Test 1 with Complete Solutions 2025 apoptosis ANSWER cell death with- fully digested cells, planned and organized, requires ATP, cell shrinkage, formation of apoptotic bodies that are fully engulfed by phagocytes, membrane integrity sustained, non random DNA fragmentation necrosis ANSWER cell death with- only parts digested, no ATP required, unplanned and unorganized, cell swelling, random degradation of DNA, unplanned, irreversibly damaged cells, partially digested by phagocytes pyknosis ANSWER cell shrinkage karyorrhexis ANSWER nuclear breakdown karryolysis ANSWER nuclear dissolution reversible cellular injury ANSWER hypoxia- membrane damange- Na+ K+ ATPase pumps failure- influx of NA and water into the cell- cell swelling, ER uptake of water- distention and rupture into vacuoles throughout the cell, nuclear chromatin condensing/clumping, ribosomal detachment from ER- decreased protein synthesis- lipid deposit and excess lipid storage in cell- "fatty change"- liposomes present, activation of stress response irreversible cell injury ANSWER interruption of membrane integrity- ATP depletion- failure of NA+ Ca++ exchange- increased cytosolic Ca++, increased cytosolic Ca++ also due to damaged ER release of stored Ca++- Ca++ activates damaging enzymes, severe mitochondrial vacuolization and Ca++ destroys mitochondrial membranes, loss of enzymes proteins and RNA through hyperpermeable membrane and leak into ECF, lysosomes sw