NUR 265 EXAM 1 /NUR265 ADVANCED CONCEPTS
OF MEDICAL NURSING EXAM 1 NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VERSION!)
What is nephrotic syndrome?
A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through
the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?
-Massive proteinuria
-Hypoalbuminemia
-Edema (facial and periorbital)
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what?
3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?
-immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
,Describe the "risk" stage for AKI
creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI
creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI
creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.
Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.
Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.
Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?
65 mmHg
, What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?
-NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?
Watch for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What is the normal range for pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)?
4-12
What does it mean when the PAWP is increased/decreased?
Increased= LSHF or hypervolemia
Decreased= Hypovolemia or decrease in afterload
What is the formula and the normal for cardiac output?
HR * SV (4-7)
What is the formula and normal for Cardiac index?
CO/Body surface area (2.7-3.2)
What needs to be done when assessing chest pain?
PQRST
P-provoking? at rest or activity?
Q-quality. What type of pain?
R-radiating?
S-severity? rate from 1-10
T-timing. How long?
-What type of pain? sharp, dull, squeezing
-Take a deep breath, does pain get better or worse with breathing?
-Does pain feel better if you reposition?
Describe the difference between respiratory and cardiac pain.
OF MEDICAL NURSING EXAM 1 NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+ (BRAND NEW VERSION!)
What is nephrotic syndrome?
A condition of increased glomerular permeability that allows larger molecules to pass through
the membrane into the urine and then be excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome?
-Massive proteinuria
-Hypoalbuminemia
-Edema (facial and periorbital)
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what?
3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with?
-immunosuppressant agents (if immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
,Describe the "risk" stage for AKI
creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by 25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI
creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
Describe the "failure" stage for AKI
creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75% (Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples.
Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples.
Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples.
Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
Systolic + (Diastolic*2) /3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys?
65 mmHg
, What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs?
-NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
-Antibiotics (especially -mycin)
-Contrast dye
During the diuretic phase of AKI, what needs to be monitored?
Watch for dehydration and make sure output is greater than input
What is the normal range for pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP)?
4-12
What does it mean when the PAWP is increased/decreased?
Increased= LSHF or hypervolemia
Decreased= Hypovolemia or decrease in afterload
What is the formula and the normal for cardiac output?
HR * SV (4-7)
What is the formula and normal for Cardiac index?
CO/Body surface area (2.7-3.2)
What needs to be done when assessing chest pain?
PQRST
P-provoking? at rest or activity?
Q-quality. What type of pain?
R-radiating?
S-severity? rate from 1-10
T-timing. How long?
-What type of pain? sharp, dull, squeezing
-Take a deep breath, does pain get better or worse with breathing?
-Does pain feel better if you reposition?
Describe the difference between respiratory and cardiac pain.
