NU 220
Pharmacology
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a common mechanism of action for
beta-blockers?
- A) Inhibition of ACE
- B) Blockade of adrenergic receptors
- C) Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
- D) Enhancement of calcium influx
- Correct ANS: B
©2025
, - Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking adrenergic
receptors, reducing the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on
the heart.
2. Which of the following factors most significantly affects drug
metabolism in older adults?
- A) Increased gastric pH
- B) Decreased renal function
- C) Enhanced hepatic blood flow
- D) Increased muscle mass
- Correct ANS: B
- Rationale: Decreased renal function significantly impacts
drug metabolism and excretion in older adults, increasing the risk
of drug accumulation and toxicity.
3. What is the primary action of loop diuretics?
- A) Inhibition of sodium-potassium exchange in the distal
tubules
- B) Blockade of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle
- C) Stimulation of aldosterone release
- D) Enhancement of water reabsorption in the collecting ducts
- Correct ANS: B
©2025
, - Rationale: Loop diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption in the
loop of Henle, leading to increased urine output and decreased
blood volume.
4. Which class of drugs is most commonly associated with
causing orthostatic hypotension?
- A) ACE inhibitors
- B) Calcium channel blockers
- C) Alpha-1 blockers
- D) Beta-2 agonists
- Correct ANS: C
- Rationale: Alpha-1 blockers can cause orthostatic
hypotension by dilating blood vessels and reducing blood pressure
upon standing.
5. Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by SSRIs
(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)?
- A) Dopamine
- B) Norepinephrine
- C) Serotonin
- D) Acetylcholine
- Correct ANS: C
©2025
, - Rationale: SSRIs primarily increase the levels of serotonin
in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The therapeutic range of the drug digoxin is __________
ng/mL.
- Correct ANS: 0.8-2.0
- Rationale: Maintaining digoxin levels within this
therapeutic range helps to ensure its efficacy while minimizing
the risk of toxicity.
7. The process by which a drug is broken down and converted
into a more water-soluble form is known as __________.
- Correct ANS: Metabolism
- Rationale: Metabolism, often occurring in the liver,
transforms drugs into forms that can be more easily excreted.
8. The __________ effect refers to a drug's reduced effect with
repeated use over time.
- Correct ANS: Tolerance
- Rationale: Tolerance develops when the body becomes
accustomed to a drug, necessitating higher doses to achieve the
same effect.
©2025
Pharmacology
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is a common mechanism of action for
beta-blockers?
- A) Inhibition of ACE
- B) Blockade of adrenergic receptors
- C) Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
- D) Enhancement of calcium influx
- Correct ANS: B
©2025
, - Rationale: Beta-blockers work by blocking adrenergic
receptors, reducing the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on
the heart.
2. Which of the following factors most significantly affects drug
metabolism in older adults?
- A) Increased gastric pH
- B) Decreased renal function
- C) Enhanced hepatic blood flow
- D) Increased muscle mass
- Correct ANS: B
- Rationale: Decreased renal function significantly impacts
drug metabolism and excretion in older adults, increasing the risk
of drug accumulation and toxicity.
3. What is the primary action of loop diuretics?
- A) Inhibition of sodium-potassium exchange in the distal
tubules
- B) Blockade of sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle
- C) Stimulation of aldosterone release
- D) Enhancement of water reabsorption in the collecting ducts
- Correct ANS: B
©2025
, - Rationale: Loop diuretics inhibit sodium reabsorption in the
loop of Henle, leading to increased urine output and decreased
blood volume.
4. Which class of drugs is most commonly associated with
causing orthostatic hypotension?
- A) ACE inhibitors
- B) Calcium channel blockers
- C) Alpha-1 blockers
- D) Beta-2 agonists
- Correct ANS: C
- Rationale: Alpha-1 blockers can cause orthostatic
hypotension by dilating blood vessels and reducing blood pressure
upon standing.
5. Which neurotransmitter is primarily affected by SSRIs
(Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)?
- A) Dopamine
- B) Norepinephrine
- C) Serotonin
- D) Acetylcholine
- Correct ANS: C
©2025
, - Rationale: SSRIs primarily increase the levels of serotonin
in the brain by inhibiting its reuptake.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The therapeutic range of the drug digoxin is __________
ng/mL.
- Correct ANS: 0.8-2.0
- Rationale: Maintaining digoxin levels within this
therapeutic range helps to ensure its efficacy while minimizing
the risk of toxicity.
7. The process by which a drug is broken down and converted
into a more water-soluble form is known as __________.
- Correct ANS: Metabolism
- Rationale: Metabolism, often occurring in the liver,
transforms drugs into forms that can be more easily excreted.
8. The __________ effect refers to a drug's reduced effect with
repeated use over time.
- Correct ANS: Tolerance
- Rationale: Tolerance develops when the body becomes
accustomed to a drug, necessitating higher doses to achieve the
same effect.
©2025
