NU 208
Pathophysiology
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible
for the development of edema in congestive heart failure?
- A. Increased capillary permeability
- B. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
- C. Increased hydrostatic pressure
- D. Lymphatic obstruction
- Correct ANS: C
©2025
, - Rationale: Increased hydrostatic pressure, due to the heart's
inability to effectively pump blood, leads to fluid accumulation
and edema.
2. What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in type 1
diabetes mellitus?
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- C. Increased glucagon production
- D. Defective insulin receptors
- Correct ANS: B
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the primary
pathological change is increased _______ permeability.
- Correct ANS: alveolar-capillary
- Rationale: Increased alveolar-capillary permeability leads to
fluid leakage into the alveoli, causing impaired gas exchange in
ARDS.
©2025
, 4. In patients with chronic kidney disease, the _______ hormone
level is often elevated due to decreased renal function.
- Correct ANS: parathyroid
- Rationale: Decreased renal function leads to impaired
phosphate excretion and reduced activation of vitamin D,
resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: Hypertension is primarily caused by increased
cardiac output.
- Correct ANS: False
- Rationale: Hypertension is primarily caused by increased
systemic vascular resistance, not increased cardiac output.
6. True or False: Anemia of chronic disease is typically associated
with low serum iron levels and high total iron-binding capacity
(TIBC).
- Correct ANS: False
- Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease is associated with low
serum iron levels and low TIBC due to impaired iron utilization.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are common complications of
cirrhosis? (Select all that apply)
©2025
Pathophysiology
Final Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible
for the development of edema in congestive heart failure?
- A. Increased capillary permeability
- B. Decreased plasma oncotic pressure
- C. Increased hydrostatic pressure
- D. Lymphatic obstruction
- Correct ANS: C
©2025
, - Rationale: Increased hydrostatic pressure, due to the heart's
inability to effectively pump blood, leads to fluid accumulation
and edema.
2. What is the underlying pathophysiological mechanism in type 1
diabetes mellitus?
- A. Insulin resistance
- B. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells
- C. Increased glucagon production
- D. Defective insulin receptors
- Correct ANS: B
- Rationale: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by the
autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin
deficiency.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the primary
pathological change is increased _______ permeability.
- Correct ANS: alveolar-capillary
- Rationale: Increased alveolar-capillary permeability leads to
fluid leakage into the alveoli, causing impaired gas exchange in
ARDS.
©2025
, 4. In patients with chronic kidney disease, the _______ hormone
level is often elevated due to decreased renal function.
- Correct ANS: parathyroid
- Rationale: Decreased renal function leads to impaired
phosphate excretion and reduced activation of vitamin D,
resulting in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: Hypertension is primarily caused by increased
cardiac output.
- Correct ANS: False
- Rationale: Hypertension is primarily caused by increased
systemic vascular resistance, not increased cardiac output.
6. True or False: Anemia of chronic disease is typically associated
with low serum iron levels and high total iron-binding capacity
(TIBC).
- Correct ANS: False
- Rationale: Anemia of chronic disease is associated with low
serum iron levels and low TIBC due to impaired iron utilization.
Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are common complications of
cirrhosis? (Select all that apply)
©2025
