Asu Bio 201.

ASU BIO 201: FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS



Anatomical54position54-54ans--✔✔person54stands54erect54w/
54feet54flat54on54floor54and54arms54at54sides.54Palms,54eyes,54and54face54forward


Directional54terms54-54ans--
✔✔superior,54inferior,54medial,54lateral,54proximal,54distal,54superficial,54deep,54anterior5
4and54posterior54vs54ventral54and54dorsal


Planes54of54the54body54-54ans--✔✔Sagittal54(mid,54para)
Frontal54
Transverse

Sagittal54plane54-54ans--✔✔divides54the54body54into54right54and54left54halves

Frontal54(coronal)54plane54-54ans--
✔✔divides54the54body54into54front54and54back54portions

Transverse54(horizontal)54plane54-54ans--
✔✔divides54body54into54upper54and54lower54portions

Body54cavities54-54ans--✔✔dorsal:54cranial54and54vertebral
ventral:54thoracic54and54abdominopelvic54cavity

Axial54-54ans--✔✔head,54neck,54and54trunk54(thoracic54and54abdominal)

Appendicular54-54ans--✔✔upper54and54lower54limbs

Brachial54-54ans--✔✔arm

Antebrachial54-54ans--✔✔forearm

Crural54-54ans--✔✔shin

Manual54-54ans--✔✔

Pedal54-54ans--✔✔foot

,Axillary54-54ans--✔✔armpit

Frontal54-54ans--✔✔

Facial54-54ans--✔✔face

Thoracic54-54ans--✔✔trunk

Cephalic54-54ans--✔✔head

Calcaneal54-54ans--✔✔ankle/heel

Cervical54-54ans--✔✔neck

Abdominal54-54ans--✔✔abdomen

Pelvic54-54ans--✔✔pelvis

Acromial54-54ans--✔✔shoulder

Costal54-54ans--✔✔ribs

Lumbar54-54ans--✔✔lower54back

Vertebral54-54ans--✔✔spine

Carpal54-54ans--✔✔wrist

Patellar54-54ans--✔✔knee54cap

Popliteal54-54ans--✔✔back54of54knee

Umbilical54-54ans--✔✔bellybutton

Tarsal54-54ans--✔✔ankle

454classes54of54macromolecules54-54ans--
✔✔lipids,54carbohydrates,54proteins,54nucleic54acids

Carbohydrates54-54ans--✔✔monomers:54saccarides54
mono54=541,54di54=542,54oligo54=543-50,54poly=5450
monosaccharides:54glucose,54galactose,54fructose,54ribose,54deoxyribose
disaccharides:54sucrose,54lactose,54maltose
polysaccharides:54glycogen,54starch,54cellulose

, Storage54form54of54carbohydrates54in54humans54-54ans--✔✔Glycogen

Lipids54-54ans--✔✔composed54of54carbon,54hydrogen,54and54oxygen
fatty54acids,54triglycerides,54phospholipids,54steroids54and54cholesterol,54eicosanoids,54
waxes

Proteins54-54ans--✔✔made54of54amino54acids54(central54carbon54with54amino54group54-
NH2,54carboxyl54group-COOH,54and54Radical54group)

Nucleic54acids54-54ans--✔✔polymers54made54of54nucleotides
DNA54and54RNA
-nucleotides54consist54of54at54least54154phosphate54group,54a545-
carbon54sugar,54one54of54554different54bases54(adenine,54guanine,54cytosine,54thymine,5
4and54uracil)


components54of54DNA54-54ans--
✔✔has54the54bases54adenine,54guanine,54thymine,54and54cytosine
-has5410054million54-54154billion54nucleotides
-
constitutes54genes54(instructions54for54synthesizing54all54of54the54body's54proteins,54tran
sfers54hereditary54info54from54cell-cell54and54generation-generation)

components54of54RNA54-54ans--✔✔has54the54bases54adenine,54guanine,54
-messenger54RNA,54ribosomal54RNA<54transfer54RNA
-7054-5410,00054nucleotides54long
-carries54out54genetic54instruction54for54synthesizing54proteins
-assembles54amino54acids54in54the54right54order54to54produce54proteins

Components54of54a54membrane54-54ans--✔✔phospholipid54bilayer
fluid54mosaic:54proteins54floating54in54or54on54phospholipid54bilayer
mixed54composition:54phospholipids,54cholesterol,54glycolipids,54proteins,54glycoproteins
membrane54proteins
glycoalyx:54unique54fuzzy54coat54external54to54the54plasma54membrane
microvilli:54extensions54of54membrane54that54increase54cell's54surface54area

functions54of54the54cell/plasma54membrane54-54ans--
✔✔surrounds54organelles,54selective54permability

organelles54-54ans--
✔✔nonmembranous:54ribosomes,54centrosomes,54centrioles,54basal54bodies
membranous:54nucleus,54endoplasmic54reticulum,54Golgi54complexes54(apparatus),54lys
osomes,54peroxisomes,54and54mitochondria

Ribosomes54-54ans--✔✔site54of54protein54synthesis
has54proteins54and54ribosomal54RNA