NUR2063 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND
NEW 2025
Pathophysiological reasons for edema - ANSWER - >Increased
interstitial fluid
*increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
*decreased plasma oncotic pressure
*increased capillary permeability
*obstruction of the lymphatic system
Storing water in the interstitial space
The cardinal signs of inflammation and the reason for them - ANSWER -
>Pain
Swelling
Redness
Warmth
inability to move (heat)
Triggered by mast cells, pyrogens cause fever producing molecules
Blood test for inflammation - ANSWER - >ESR- Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate shows inflammation markers
Types of fractures - ANSWER - >Simple: single break with bones staying
in alignment
Transverse: straight across bone shaft
Oblique: at an angle to the bone shaft
Spiral: twists around bone shaft
Comminuted: multiple fx lines and bone pieces
Greenstick: incomplete break bent bone
,Compression: bone is crushed
Complete: broken into 2 or more pieces
Incomplete: partially broken
Impacted: one end of bone forced into the adjacent bone
Pathologic: weakness in the bone structure
Stress: repeated excessive stress
Depressed: skull broken forced inward on brain
Open: skin is broken
Closed: skin intact
Define cachexia - ANSWER - >wasting of muscle= weight loss+ weakness
Happens most in cancer
Properties of cancer cells - ANSWER - >Carcinogenesis
1. initiation- into of the agent
2. promotion- initiation of uncontrolled growth
3. progression- permanent malignant changes
Complications of bone fracture - ANSWER - >Compartment syndrome
Causes of Skin Disorders - ANSWER - >Alterations primarily result in
impaired skin integrity
Aging
direct exposure
allergies
infections
burns
cancer
Different processes of fluid transfers - ANSWER - >Osmosis: water
moves across semipermeable membrane
, Tonicity: osmotic pressure of 2 solutions separated by semipermeable
membrane
Isotonic: equal solute
Hypotonic: Low solute
Hypertonic: High solute
Phases of adaptation syndrome and what occurs - ANSWER - >1. alarm:
sympathetic nervous system
2. resistance: limit stressor
3. exhaustion: disease develops
Body response in flight or fight - ANSWER - >Epinephrine released
intracellular vs extracellular ions - ANSWER - >Intracellular: Potassium,
Magnesium= inside the cell
Extracellular: Sodium, Chloride= outside the cell
causes of gout - ANSWER - >-excessive production of uric acid
-impaired renal excretion of uric acid
overweight
Hypertension
Diabetes
Renal disease
Sickle cell
Alcohol abuse
Diuretics
Diet rich in meat and seafood
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS GUARANTEED PASS BRAND
NEW 2025
Pathophysiological reasons for edema - ANSWER - >Increased
interstitial fluid
*increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
*decreased plasma oncotic pressure
*increased capillary permeability
*obstruction of the lymphatic system
Storing water in the interstitial space
The cardinal signs of inflammation and the reason for them - ANSWER -
>Pain
Swelling
Redness
Warmth
inability to move (heat)
Triggered by mast cells, pyrogens cause fever producing molecules
Blood test for inflammation - ANSWER - >ESR- Erythrocyte
sedimentation rate shows inflammation markers
Types of fractures - ANSWER - >Simple: single break with bones staying
in alignment
Transverse: straight across bone shaft
Oblique: at an angle to the bone shaft
Spiral: twists around bone shaft
Comminuted: multiple fx lines and bone pieces
Greenstick: incomplete break bent bone
,Compression: bone is crushed
Complete: broken into 2 or more pieces
Incomplete: partially broken
Impacted: one end of bone forced into the adjacent bone
Pathologic: weakness in the bone structure
Stress: repeated excessive stress
Depressed: skull broken forced inward on brain
Open: skin is broken
Closed: skin intact
Define cachexia - ANSWER - >wasting of muscle= weight loss+ weakness
Happens most in cancer
Properties of cancer cells - ANSWER - >Carcinogenesis
1. initiation- into of the agent
2. promotion- initiation of uncontrolled growth
3. progression- permanent malignant changes
Complications of bone fracture - ANSWER - >Compartment syndrome
Causes of Skin Disorders - ANSWER - >Alterations primarily result in
impaired skin integrity
Aging
direct exposure
allergies
infections
burns
cancer
Different processes of fluid transfers - ANSWER - >Osmosis: water
moves across semipermeable membrane
, Tonicity: osmotic pressure of 2 solutions separated by semipermeable
membrane
Isotonic: equal solute
Hypotonic: Low solute
Hypertonic: High solute
Phases of adaptation syndrome and what occurs - ANSWER - >1. alarm:
sympathetic nervous system
2. resistance: limit stressor
3. exhaustion: disease develops
Body response in flight or fight - ANSWER - >Epinephrine released
intracellular vs extracellular ions - ANSWER - >Intracellular: Potassium,
Magnesium= inside the cell
Extracellular: Sodium, Chloride= outside the cell
causes of gout - ANSWER - >-excessive production of uric acid
-impaired renal excretion of uric acid
overweight
Hypertension
Diabetes
Renal disease
Sickle cell
Alcohol abuse
Diuretics
Diet rich in meat and seafood
