Cardiovascular System Flash cards
***Heart
Layers and Membranes
Pericardium: Two-layered membrane forming U-shaped pericardial sac
Outer layer: Parietal pericardium
Inner layer: Epicardium
Pericardial fluid between layers
Myocardium: Muscular layer beneath epicardium
Endocardium: Innermost layer lining chambers and valves
—Located in the thoracic cavity
— size of a fist
***Chambers and Valves
Four chambers: Two upper atria and two lower ventricles
—Four valves:
Right side: Tricuspid valve (between right atrium and ventricle) and pulmonary valve
Left side: Mitral valve (between left atrium and ventricle) and aortic valve
—Disease- Myocardial infarction, Angina pectoris (warning sign for a heart attack),
arrhythmia, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure
—Medication/Procedure- Cardioversion, ACE inhibitors, anti-hypertension Beta blockers
—Medical test- Cardiac exercise stress test, vital signs, pulse rate, EKG
**Blood vessels
there are three kinds of vessels, each of which performs a different function:
Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
—Large blood vessels that branch into smaller vessels called arteries.
Veins- carry blood toward the heart
—Form capillaries, blood moves into venues
Capillaries- connect arteries and veins
***Heart
Layers and Membranes
Pericardium: Two-layered membrane forming U-shaped pericardial sac
Outer layer: Parietal pericardium
Inner layer: Epicardium
Pericardial fluid between layers
Myocardium: Muscular layer beneath epicardium
Endocardium: Innermost layer lining chambers and valves
—Located in the thoracic cavity
— size of a fist
***Chambers and Valves
Four chambers: Two upper atria and two lower ventricles
—Four valves:
Right side: Tricuspid valve (between right atrium and ventricle) and pulmonary valve
Left side: Mitral valve (between left atrium and ventricle) and aortic valve
—Disease- Myocardial infarction, Angina pectoris (warning sign for a heart attack),
arrhythmia, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure
—Medication/Procedure- Cardioversion, ACE inhibitors, anti-hypertension Beta blockers
—Medical test- Cardiac exercise stress test, vital signs, pulse rate, EKG
**Blood vessels
there are three kinds of vessels, each of which performs a different function:
Arteries- carry blood away from the heart
—Large blood vessels that branch into smaller vessels called arteries.
Veins- carry blood toward the heart
—Form capillaries, blood moves into venues
Capillaries- connect arteries and veins
