BIOD331
Renal Disorders & Fluid Electrolyte
Dysfunction
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
- Question: Which of the following conditions is characterized
by the presence of protein in the urine due to increased glomerular
permeability?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Azotemia
- D. Pyuria
- ANS: B. Proteinuria
©2025
, - Rationale: Proteinuria occurs when there is an abnormal
amount of protein in the urine, indicating increased permeability
of the glomerular filtration barrier.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The primary function of the ________ is to filter
waste products from the blood and excrete them as urine.
- ANS: kidneys
- Rationale: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products
and excess substances, which are excreted as urine.
3. True/False
- Question: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a
gradual loss of kidney function over time.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: CKD is characterized by a progressive decline in
kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in
the body.
4. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
- A. Hypovolemia
©2025
, - B. Nephrotoxins
- C. Hypertension
- D. Obstructive uropathy
- ANSs: A. Hypovolemia, B. Nephrotoxins, D. Obstructive
uropathy
- Rationale: AKI can be caused by factors such as hypovolemia
(low blood volume), nephrotoxins (kidney-damaging substances),
and obstructive uropathy (blockage of urine flow).
5. Multiple Choice
- Question: In which of the following conditions is there a rapid
decline in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products in the blood?
- A. Acute kidney injury (AKI)
- B. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- C. Nephrotic syndrome
- D. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- ANS: A. Acute kidney injury (AKI)
- Rationale: AKI is characterized by a sudden and rapid decline
in kidney function, resulting in the accumulation of nitrogenous
waste products in the blood.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
©2025
, - Question: The process of ________ involves the reabsorption
of water and solutes from the tubular fluid back into the
bloodstream.
- ANS: tubular reabsorption
- Rationale: Tubular reabsorption is the process by which water
and solutes are reabsorbed from the renal tubules into the
peritubular capillaries.
7. True/False
- Question: Hyperkalemia refers to an abnormally high
concentration of potassium in the blood.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Hyperkalemia is characterized by elevated levels of
potassium in the blood, which can affect cardiac and
neuromuscular function.
8. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Edema
- B. Hyperlipidemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Proteinuria
©2025
Renal Disorders & Fluid Electrolyte
Dysfunction
Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Multiple Choice
- Question: Which of the following conditions is characterized
by the presence of protein in the urine due to increased glomerular
permeability?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Proteinuria
- C. Azotemia
- D. Pyuria
- ANS: B. Proteinuria
©2025
, - Rationale: Proteinuria occurs when there is an abnormal
amount of protein in the urine, indicating increased permeability
of the glomerular filtration barrier.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank
- Question: The primary function of the ________ is to filter
waste products from the blood and excrete them as urine.
- ANS: kidneys
- Rationale: The kidneys filter blood to remove waste products
and excess substances, which are excreted as urine.
3. True/False
- Question: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a
gradual loss of kidney function over time.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: CKD is characterized by a progressive decline in
kidney function, leading to the accumulation of waste products in
the body.
4. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
common causes of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
- A. Hypovolemia
©2025
, - B. Nephrotoxins
- C. Hypertension
- D. Obstructive uropathy
- ANSs: A. Hypovolemia, B. Nephrotoxins, D. Obstructive
uropathy
- Rationale: AKI can be caused by factors such as hypovolemia
(low blood volume), nephrotoxins (kidney-damaging substances),
and obstructive uropathy (blockage of urine flow).
5. Multiple Choice
- Question: In which of the following conditions is there a rapid
decline in kidney function, leading to the accumulation of
nitrogenous waste products in the blood?
- A. Acute kidney injury (AKI)
- B. Chronic kidney disease (CKD)
- C. Nephrotic syndrome
- D. Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- ANS: A. Acute kidney injury (AKI)
- Rationale: AKI is characterized by a sudden and rapid decline
in kidney function, resulting in the accumulation of nitrogenous
waste products in the blood.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank
©2025
, - Question: The process of ________ involves the reabsorption
of water and solutes from the tubular fluid back into the
bloodstream.
- ANS: tubular reabsorption
- Rationale: Tubular reabsorption is the process by which water
and solutes are reabsorbed from the renal tubules into the
peritubular capillaries.
7. True/False
- Question: Hyperkalemia refers to an abnormally high
concentration of potassium in the blood.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Hyperkalemia is characterized by elevated levels of
potassium in the blood, which can affect cardiac and
neuromuscular function.
8. Multiple Response
- Question: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome?
- A. Edema
- B. Hyperlipidemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Proteinuria
©2025
