AP Bio Unit 2 Exam Questions and Correct Answers.
Ribosomes - ✔✔✔ the location of protein synthesis (translation). RNA is read and the code
used to form a polypeptide chain
Smooth ER - ✔✔✔ In charge of detoxification and formation of new phospholipids
Rough ER - ✔✔✔ Studded with ribosomes, proteins are made here that are then
transported to other parts of the cell, or to leave the cell.
Golgi complex - ✔✔✔ Proteins come here to be modified and tagged to be sent to other
parts of the cell, or to leave the cell.
Mitochondria - ✔✔✔ Location of Cellular
Respiration, forming ATP that powers cellular processes.
Lysosomes - ✔✔✔ Contain enzymes that break down faulty cell parts and invaders. Often
described as the recycling centers of the cell.
Vacuole - ✔✔✔ Used for storage of water and other dissolved compounds needed by the
cell. Large central vacuole in plants also used for support to hold up the cell wall.
Chloroplasts - ✔✔✔ Site of Photosynthesis in autotrophs. Light energy is used to create
glucose,
converting radiant energy into chemical energy.
Which cell parts are found in both eukaryote and prokaryote cells? - ✔✔✔ Ribosomes, cell
membrane
What does this suggest about the history of life? - ✔✔✔ The last universal common
ancestor to all life likely had ribosomes and a cell membrane, which it then passed down to
all of its descendants, eventually evolving into all domains of life.
You are studying a cell and notice that Protein A is in the wrong location. What organelles
may not be functioning properly? (there are two possibilities) - ✔✔✔ The golgi complex, or
the Rough ER
Predict what would happen if the lysosome membrane broke open. Explain your
prediction. - ✔✔✔ Lysosomes are full of enzymes designed to break down cell parts, if
these enzymes were not contained (spilled out into the cell) they could destroy the cell and
kill it.
Do you think cells would do this on purpose? They do! When? - ✔✔✔ During controlled cell
death- apoptosis
, You have not watered your plant in a few days. It is droopy and floppy. What has happened
on a cellular level (be specific to a particular organelle)? What will happen if you water it?
Explain. - ✔✔✔ - The central vacuole of the plant cells is designed to fill with water and
push against cell walls, holding the plant upright.
- When dehydrated, the vacuoles shrink, and are no longer pushing against cell walls, so
they sag, leading to drooping plants.
- When the plant is watered, vacuoles will fill again, push against cell walls, and the plant
will stand upright again.
Location of Krebs Cycle in mitochondria - ✔✔✔ Folded inner membrane (matrix)
Location of ETC in mitochondria - ✔✔✔ Proteins involved in the ETC are embedded on
folded inner membrane
Predict the symptoms of a person whose mitochondria have 50% less folding in their inner
membrane. Explain their prediction. - ✔✔✔ - The inner membrane holds enzymes involved
in the ETC. The more membrane, the more surface area there is for ATP Synthase, which
generates ATP. With less membrane, there would be fewer ATP Synthase, so less ATP
production. - This person would be very tired all of the time, having very little energy and
not able to do physical activities - muscles require a large amount of ATP.
- They may also have trouble thinking or concentrating, nerve cells also use a lot of ATP.
Location of light dependent reactions in chloroplasts - ✔✔✔ Grana
Location of carbon fixation in chloroplasts - ✔✔✔ Stroma
Predict the result of doubling the number of thylakoids on glucose production in this
chloroplast. Explain your prediction. - ✔✔✔ - With twice the number of thylakoids, there
would be double the surface area to conduct light dependent reactions.
- This would likely lead to an increase in glucose production (if the enzymes in the Calvin
Cycle can keep up).
- Additional glucose would allow the plant to grow faster (more cell wall material and more
energy) provided that other requirements for growth are met (sufficient nitrogen and
phosphorous available).
Mentally drop each loaf into water. Which loaf will become saturated first? Explain why. -
✔✔✔ Cutting the loaf of bread into slices increases the surface area exposed to the water.
The higher surface area to volume ratio of the sliced bread will cause it to become fully
saturated sooner than the un-cut loaf.
If the loaf were a living organism, why would it be better for that organism to be composed
to many small pieces rather than one large piece? - ✔✔✔ Living organisms must be able to
quickly take in substances from the environment and get rid of waste. The smaller the
Ribosomes - ✔✔✔ the location of protein synthesis (translation). RNA is read and the code
used to form a polypeptide chain
Smooth ER - ✔✔✔ In charge of detoxification and formation of new phospholipids
Rough ER - ✔✔✔ Studded with ribosomes, proteins are made here that are then
transported to other parts of the cell, or to leave the cell.
Golgi complex - ✔✔✔ Proteins come here to be modified and tagged to be sent to other
parts of the cell, or to leave the cell.
Mitochondria - ✔✔✔ Location of Cellular
Respiration, forming ATP that powers cellular processes.
Lysosomes - ✔✔✔ Contain enzymes that break down faulty cell parts and invaders. Often
described as the recycling centers of the cell.
Vacuole - ✔✔✔ Used for storage of water and other dissolved compounds needed by the
cell. Large central vacuole in plants also used for support to hold up the cell wall.
Chloroplasts - ✔✔✔ Site of Photosynthesis in autotrophs. Light energy is used to create
glucose,
converting radiant energy into chemical energy.
Which cell parts are found in both eukaryote and prokaryote cells? - ✔✔✔ Ribosomes, cell
membrane
What does this suggest about the history of life? - ✔✔✔ The last universal common
ancestor to all life likely had ribosomes and a cell membrane, which it then passed down to
all of its descendants, eventually evolving into all domains of life.
You are studying a cell and notice that Protein A is in the wrong location. What organelles
may not be functioning properly? (there are two possibilities) - ✔✔✔ The golgi complex, or
the Rough ER
Predict what would happen if the lysosome membrane broke open. Explain your
prediction. - ✔✔✔ Lysosomes are full of enzymes designed to break down cell parts, if
these enzymes were not contained (spilled out into the cell) they could destroy the cell and
kill it.
Do you think cells would do this on purpose? They do! When? - ✔✔✔ During controlled cell
death- apoptosis
, You have not watered your plant in a few days. It is droopy and floppy. What has happened
on a cellular level (be specific to a particular organelle)? What will happen if you water it?
Explain. - ✔✔✔ - The central vacuole of the plant cells is designed to fill with water and
push against cell walls, holding the plant upright.
- When dehydrated, the vacuoles shrink, and are no longer pushing against cell walls, so
they sag, leading to drooping plants.
- When the plant is watered, vacuoles will fill again, push against cell walls, and the plant
will stand upright again.
Location of Krebs Cycle in mitochondria - ✔✔✔ Folded inner membrane (matrix)
Location of ETC in mitochondria - ✔✔✔ Proteins involved in the ETC are embedded on
folded inner membrane
Predict the symptoms of a person whose mitochondria have 50% less folding in their inner
membrane. Explain their prediction. - ✔✔✔ - The inner membrane holds enzymes involved
in the ETC. The more membrane, the more surface area there is for ATP Synthase, which
generates ATP. With less membrane, there would be fewer ATP Synthase, so less ATP
production. - This person would be very tired all of the time, having very little energy and
not able to do physical activities - muscles require a large amount of ATP.
- They may also have trouble thinking or concentrating, nerve cells also use a lot of ATP.
Location of light dependent reactions in chloroplasts - ✔✔✔ Grana
Location of carbon fixation in chloroplasts - ✔✔✔ Stroma
Predict the result of doubling the number of thylakoids on glucose production in this
chloroplast. Explain your prediction. - ✔✔✔ - With twice the number of thylakoids, there
would be double the surface area to conduct light dependent reactions.
- This would likely lead to an increase in glucose production (if the enzymes in the Calvin
Cycle can keep up).
- Additional glucose would allow the plant to grow faster (more cell wall material and more
energy) provided that other requirements for growth are met (sufficient nitrogen and
phosphorous available).
Mentally drop each loaf into water. Which loaf will become saturated first? Explain why. -
✔✔✔ Cutting the loaf of bread into slices increases the surface area exposed to the water.
The higher surface area to volume ratio of the sliced bread will cause it to become fully
saturated sooner than the un-cut loaf.
If the loaf were a living organism, why would it be better for that organism to be composed
to many small pieces rather than one large piece? - ✔✔✔ Living organisms must be able to
quickly take in substances from the environment and get rid of waste. The smaller the
