HPEX 358 Exam 1, Lecture Notes
Epidemic correct answersthe occurrence in a community or region of cases
of an illness, specific health-related behavior or other health related events
clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Outbreak correct answersan epidemic limited to localized increased in the
incidence of a disease (ex. Village, town, institution)
Pandemic correct answersan epidemic occurring worldwide or over a very
wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large
number of people
Epidemiological Study correct answersapplication of epidemiological
knowledge to control the health problem in populations
Population correct answersall the inhabitants of a given country or area
considered together; larger group of individuals we want to generalize with
findings from the sample
Basic Health correct answersstudies cells, tissues, and animals in
laboratory setting to understand disease mechanisms and the effects of
substances
Clinical Science correct answerswork with sick patients in health care
facilities to improve diagnosis and treatment of disease
Public Health Science correct answersstudy populations or communities at
large for the prevention of disease and promotion of health
Frequency correct answersfactor of distribution; the number of health
events and the relationship of that number to the size of the population
Pattern correct answersfactor of distribution; the occurrence of health-
related events by time, place, and person
Exposures correct answersfactor of determinants; pertain either to
contact with a disease-causing factor or to the amount of the factor that
impinges upon a group or individuals
Risk Factor correct answersfactor of determinants; an exposure that is
associated with disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome
Morbidity correct answersfactor of outcome; illness due to a specific
disease or health conditions
, Mortality correct answersfactor of outcome; death
Natural History of a Disease correct answersthe course of disease from its
beginning to its final clinical endpoints in absence of intervention
John Graunt correct answers1620-1674; first to quantify patterns of birth,
death, and disease occurrence; "Columbus of Statistics"
William Farr correct answers1807-1883; a founder of modern epidemiology;
described the state of health of the population, sought to establish
determinants of public health, and applied the knowledge gained to the
prevention and control of disease
John Snow correct answers1813-1853; father of field epidemiology and an
English anesthetist who innovated several of the key epidemiological
method used to this day
Epidemiology correct answersthe study (scientific, systematic, data-driven)
of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk
factors) of health-related states and events (including diseases) in specified
populations (community, individuals viewed collectively) and the application
of this study to the control of health problems
Sample correct answersactual sampled individuals from the population
for whom we collect data on outcome variables; key is representatives to
a population
Parameter correct answersnumerical characteristic or measurable
attributes of a population
Statistics correct answersnumerical characteristics or measurable attributes
of a sample; mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, and
presentation of data
Statistical Inference correct answersprocess of making generalizations from a
sample to the target population
Simple Random Sampling correct answerseach subject in the population
has an equal chance of being selected for the sample; most scientific way
of sampling
Systematic Random Sampling correct answersselect a sample
systematically based on an existing list (ex. name, phone books, address
books)
Stratified Sampling correct answerspopulation is divided by some
characteristics that are important in the research before a random
sampling
Cluster Sampling correct answerspopulation is divided on some
"naturally" occurring characteristics
Epidemic correct answersthe occurrence in a community or region of cases
of an illness, specific health-related behavior or other health related events
clearly in excess of normal expectancy
Outbreak correct answersan epidemic limited to localized increased in the
incidence of a disease (ex. Village, town, institution)
Pandemic correct answersan epidemic occurring worldwide or over a very
wide area, crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large
number of people
Epidemiological Study correct answersapplication of epidemiological
knowledge to control the health problem in populations
Population correct answersall the inhabitants of a given country or area
considered together; larger group of individuals we want to generalize with
findings from the sample
Basic Health correct answersstudies cells, tissues, and animals in
laboratory setting to understand disease mechanisms and the effects of
substances
Clinical Science correct answerswork with sick patients in health care
facilities to improve diagnosis and treatment of disease
Public Health Science correct answersstudy populations or communities at
large for the prevention of disease and promotion of health
Frequency correct answersfactor of distribution; the number of health
events and the relationship of that number to the size of the population
Pattern correct answersfactor of distribution; the occurrence of health-
related events by time, place, and person
Exposures correct answersfactor of determinants; pertain either to
contact with a disease-causing factor or to the amount of the factor that
impinges upon a group or individuals
Risk Factor correct answersfactor of determinants; an exposure that is
associated with disease, morbidity, mortality, or adverse health outcome
Morbidity correct answersfactor of outcome; illness due to a specific
disease or health conditions
, Mortality correct answersfactor of outcome; death
Natural History of a Disease correct answersthe course of disease from its
beginning to its final clinical endpoints in absence of intervention
John Graunt correct answers1620-1674; first to quantify patterns of birth,
death, and disease occurrence; "Columbus of Statistics"
William Farr correct answers1807-1883; a founder of modern epidemiology;
described the state of health of the population, sought to establish
determinants of public health, and applied the knowledge gained to the
prevention and control of disease
John Snow correct answers1813-1853; father of field epidemiology and an
English anesthetist who innovated several of the key epidemiological
method used to this day
Epidemiology correct answersthe study (scientific, systematic, data-driven)
of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (causes, risk
factors) of health-related states and events (including diseases) in specified
populations (community, individuals viewed collectively) and the application
of this study to the control of health problems
Sample correct answersactual sampled individuals from the population
for whom we collect data on outcome variables; key is representatives to
a population
Parameter correct answersnumerical characteristic or measurable
attributes of a population
Statistics correct answersnumerical characteristics or measurable attributes
of a sample; mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, and
presentation of data
Statistical Inference correct answersprocess of making generalizations from a
sample to the target population
Simple Random Sampling correct answerseach subject in the population
has an equal chance of being selected for the sample; most scientific way
of sampling
Systematic Random Sampling correct answersselect a sample
systematically based on an existing list (ex. name, phone books, address
books)
Stratified Sampling correct answerspopulation is divided by some
characteristics that are important in the research before a random
sampling
Cluster Sampling correct answerspopulation is divided on some
"naturally" occurring characteristics
