NAVLE Prep
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in order to dehorn cattle? correct
answersCornual
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in order to dehorn goats? correct
answerscornual
nerve and infratrochlear
nerve
Several rabbits in a commercial meat operation have developed genital
scabs, perineal
ulcerations a crusty exudate around the nose and eyes.
Microhemaglutination
positive for tests are
treponematosis.
Which one of the following steps is most effective to treat this
problem?
A - Amprolium-medicated feed for whole herd, 2 weeks; Increase
ventilation
B - Clindamycin PO for exposed rabbits, 8 days; Cull affected
animals
C - Amipcillin PO for affected rabbits, 10-
14- days
D Isolate affected animals, Lincomycin in water 2-3
weeks
E - Penicillin IM for all rabbits, 5-7 days correct answersPenicillin IM for all
rabbits, 5-7
day
s
Two bucket-fed veal calves are depressed and stunted and have sticky
feceshindquarters.
their coating Fluid-splashing sounds are audible during auscultation
over the
flank whenlefta calf is
drinking.
Passage of a stomach tube obtains a rancid-smelling liquid with a pH of 5.2
[N=5.9-6.2]
Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate
treatment?
A - Cull affected
calves
B - Remove fermented rumen contents, flush
with
C saline
- Wean affected calves; Shift to bottle-feeding for
well
D calves E/Selenium injections, plus dietary
- Vitamin
E - Inoculate rumen fluid from a healthy cow into calf by stomach tube
supplements
-correct
Remove answersB
fermented rumen contents, flush
with saline
This is the clinical picture of a ruminal drinker calf with chronic
indigestiondirectly
deposited from milkinto the
rumen.
Treat by removing the fermented material and flushing the rumen with
saline. Attempt
induce to
gastric/reticular groove closure during feeding by inducing
vigorouswith
activity sucking
a finger before feeding milk. If calves relapse,
consider weaning.
,The problem occurs due to failure of the gastric groove reflex, which
normally
milk shunts
directly into the abomasum, (bypassing the rumen). Most often seen in
bucket who
calves fed gulp their
milk.
Abortions due to brucellosis tend to occur at what stage of
pregnancy?
answersD correct
- Last half of
pregnancy
Typically, Brucellosis causes abortion in the LAST HALF of pregnancy,
for the onwards.
month 5th Last trimester is also a good answer, though not entirely
correct.
might You
remember "Bruce is always
late".
Expect STILLBORN calves. Cows only abort
ONCE.
Brucellosis is
REPORTABLE.
The vaccines used are the Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine or the
RB51
given vaccine,
to heifer calves 4-12 months old, along with a USDA tattoo in
the right ear."The right ear is the RIGHT
Remember:
EAR".
BVD and Trichomoniasis (occasionally) can cause early abortion in cows,
but MOST
things cause abortion late, like 3rd
trimester.
Listeriosis and Arcanobacterium pyogenes can cause abortion at any
time during
pregnanc
y.
A cow is presented on emergency with urea/non-protein
nitrogen toxicity.
What is the treatment of
choice?
A - Atropine, Protopam chloride IV q 4-6
B - Rumenal infusion 2-8 liters vinegar,3-10 gallons
hours
cold
C - water
Rumenotomy
D - IV Fluids with MgSO4, Na
thiosulfate
E PO
- Relieve bloat, drench with 2-8 liters sodium bicarbonate correct
answersBinfusion
Rumenal - 2-8 liters vinegar,3-10 gallons
cold water
A 3-month old calf is presented for necropsy. The calf collapsed and
suddenlyafter
morning died she
this escaped and was chased around the back pasture for 45
minutes by
her
owner.
Among other things, endocardial plaques in the left ventricle of this
calf's heart are
discovere
d.
What advice should be given the
farmer?
A - Treat the other calves with vitamin
E/Selenium
,B - Check the mother for bovine leukosis by
AGID
C - Take all the calves off ionophore-
containing
D - Start thefeed
other calves on Ceftiofur
(Naxcel
E - Search ®)the calf barn for sources of lead correct answersA - Treat the
othervitamin
with calves
E/Selenium
Treat the other calves with vitamin E/Selenium. Think White Muscle Disease
when
see you
SUDDEN DEATH and endocardial PLAQUES in a young calf, lamb or
kid withofa recent VIGOROUS EXERCISE. Follow this link to a Merck image
history
of pale
ventricular
myocardium.
Typically seen in young, fast-growing animals (ie: calves 2 weeks-6 mos)
Clinical
may signsdyspnea (due to myocardial disease), stiff gait, arched back,
include
weakness,
recumbent but BAR (bright, alert,
responsive).
Sudden death may resemble enterotoxemia, should see acute bloody
diarrhea,
convulsions, opisthotonos in first days of life with
enterotoxemia.
Which pair of neonatal calf diarrheas both have public health/zoonotic
significance?
A - Colibacillosis,
Ostertagiasis
B - Colibacillosis,
Rotavirus
C - Cryptosporidiosis,
Salmonella
D - Salmonella,
Coccidiosis
E - Clostridium perfringens, Coronavirus correct answersC -
Cryptosporidiosis,
Salmonell
a
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a protozoa implicated in drinking water-
associated
outbreaks of diarrhea in humans; Salmonellae can infect humans from a
number of
different sources (turtles, chickens,
eggs)
E. Coli can cause human disease, but Ostertagia and bovine rotavirus do not.
(There
a human IS version of rotavirus,
however)
C. perfringens can be found in soil and in the normal gut flora and is not
contagious.
Swainsonine is a toxic compound present in which one of the
following plants?
A - Persea americana
(Avocado)
B - Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken
fern)
C - Astragalus flavus (Milk
vetch)
D - Prunus virginiana
(Chokecherry)
E - Nerium oleander (Oleander) correct answersC - Astragalus flavus
(Milk vetch)
Swainsonine is found in many species of Astragalus and Oxytropis, called
locoweeds,
vetches, or milk
vetches.
, Ingestion of swainsonine causes neurologic signs of cerebral disease, called
"locoism"
in livestock. Behavior changes, aggression, ataxia, depression, circling, and
vision
are lossof the clinical signs
some
seen.
Recovery is possible with removal of the source, but since locoweed is
palatable,
animals may eat it again even when other forage is
available.
Cattle consuming locoweed at high altitudes can develop congestive heart
failure,mountain
"High called disease". Pulmonary hypertension causes excessive strain
on the heart
muscle
.
Nerium oleander (Oleander) contains cardiac
gylcosides.
Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken fern) contains glycosides and
thiaminase.
Persea americana (Avocado) contains
persin.
Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry) contains
cyanide.
An 8-year old Quarterhorse brood mare presents with an acute onset
of colic. On she has a heart rate of 58, respiratory rate of 28, and is seen
presentation
rolling onCRT
ground. theis approximately 3.0 seconds and mucous membranes are
slightly
She hasred.
rectal temperature is 101.6F. Gastrointestinal sounds are t
completely
and gastric absen
reflux yielded 15L of brown- to yellow- colored fluid. Peritoneal
fluid analysis
yielded a cloudy yellow fluid with a protein of 2.8 gm/dl and white blood
cell count of
11,354/ul. Which of the following is not a likely
diagnosis?
Epiploic foramen
entrapment
Mesenteric
rent
Small intestinal
volvulus
Strangulating lipoma correct answersStrangulating
lipoma
Explanation - The correct answer is strangulating lipoma. The clinical
signs are with any of the answer choices. However, a strangulating
consistent
lipomatoisbe
likely least
the case since this horse is still relatively young. Strangulating
lipomas areseen in older
commonly
horses.
What is the main lesion associated with polioencephalomalacia
in cattle?
Necrosis of cortical gray
matter
Bacterial infiltration of the
gyri
Normocytic, normochromic
anemia
Herniation of the cerebellum correct answersNecrosis of cortical
gray matter
Explanation - The correct answer is necrosis of the cortical grey matter. A
normochromic anemia is considered an anemia of chronic disease and is
normocytic,
not really
lesion. a
Herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum or the
occipital cortex
under the tentorium cerebelli may occur, however, only in severe
cases, and is
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in order to dehorn cattle? correct
answersCornual
What nerve(s) need to be blocked in order to dehorn goats? correct
answerscornual
nerve and infratrochlear
nerve
Several rabbits in a commercial meat operation have developed genital
scabs, perineal
ulcerations a crusty exudate around the nose and eyes.
Microhemaglutination
positive for tests are
treponematosis.
Which one of the following steps is most effective to treat this
problem?
A - Amprolium-medicated feed for whole herd, 2 weeks; Increase
ventilation
B - Clindamycin PO for exposed rabbits, 8 days; Cull affected
animals
C - Amipcillin PO for affected rabbits, 10-
14- days
D Isolate affected animals, Lincomycin in water 2-3
weeks
E - Penicillin IM for all rabbits, 5-7 days correct answersPenicillin IM for all
rabbits, 5-7
day
s
Two bucket-fed veal calves are depressed and stunted and have sticky
feceshindquarters.
their coating Fluid-splashing sounds are audible during auscultation
over the
flank whenlefta calf is
drinking.
Passage of a stomach tube obtains a rancid-smelling liquid with a pH of 5.2
[N=5.9-6.2]
Which one of the following choices is the most appropriate
treatment?
A - Cull affected
calves
B - Remove fermented rumen contents, flush
with
C saline
- Wean affected calves; Shift to bottle-feeding for
well
D calves E/Selenium injections, plus dietary
- Vitamin
E - Inoculate rumen fluid from a healthy cow into calf by stomach tube
supplements
-correct
Remove answersB
fermented rumen contents, flush
with saline
This is the clinical picture of a ruminal drinker calf with chronic
indigestiondirectly
deposited from milkinto the
rumen.
Treat by removing the fermented material and flushing the rumen with
saline. Attempt
induce to
gastric/reticular groove closure during feeding by inducing
vigorouswith
activity sucking
a finger before feeding milk. If calves relapse,
consider weaning.
,The problem occurs due to failure of the gastric groove reflex, which
normally
milk shunts
directly into the abomasum, (bypassing the rumen). Most often seen in
bucket who
calves fed gulp their
milk.
Abortions due to brucellosis tend to occur at what stage of
pregnancy?
answersD correct
- Last half of
pregnancy
Typically, Brucellosis causes abortion in the LAST HALF of pregnancy,
for the onwards.
month 5th Last trimester is also a good answer, though not entirely
correct.
might You
remember "Bruce is always
late".
Expect STILLBORN calves. Cows only abort
ONCE.
Brucellosis is
REPORTABLE.
The vaccines used are the Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine or the
RB51
given vaccine,
to heifer calves 4-12 months old, along with a USDA tattoo in
the right ear."The right ear is the RIGHT
Remember:
EAR".
BVD and Trichomoniasis (occasionally) can cause early abortion in cows,
but MOST
things cause abortion late, like 3rd
trimester.
Listeriosis and Arcanobacterium pyogenes can cause abortion at any
time during
pregnanc
y.
A cow is presented on emergency with urea/non-protein
nitrogen toxicity.
What is the treatment of
choice?
A - Atropine, Protopam chloride IV q 4-6
B - Rumenal infusion 2-8 liters vinegar,3-10 gallons
hours
cold
C - water
Rumenotomy
D - IV Fluids with MgSO4, Na
thiosulfate
E PO
- Relieve bloat, drench with 2-8 liters sodium bicarbonate correct
answersBinfusion
Rumenal - 2-8 liters vinegar,3-10 gallons
cold water
A 3-month old calf is presented for necropsy. The calf collapsed and
suddenlyafter
morning died she
this escaped and was chased around the back pasture for 45
minutes by
her
owner.
Among other things, endocardial plaques in the left ventricle of this
calf's heart are
discovere
d.
What advice should be given the
farmer?
A - Treat the other calves with vitamin
E/Selenium
,B - Check the mother for bovine leukosis by
AGID
C - Take all the calves off ionophore-
containing
D - Start thefeed
other calves on Ceftiofur
(Naxcel
E - Search ®)the calf barn for sources of lead correct answersA - Treat the
othervitamin
with calves
E/Selenium
Treat the other calves with vitamin E/Selenium. Think White Muscle Disease
when
see you
SUDDEN DEATH and endocardial PLAQUES in a young calf, lamb or
kid withofa recent VIGOROUS EXERCISE. Follow this link to a Merck image
history
of pale
ventricular
myocardium.
Typically seen in young, fast-growing animals (ie: calves 2 weeks-6 mos)
Clinical
may signsdyspnea (due to myocardial disease), stiff gait, arched back,
include
weakness,
recumbent but BAR (bright, alert,
responsive).
Sudden death may resemble enterotoxemia, should see acute bloody
diarrhea,
convulsions, opisthotonos in first days of life with
enterotoxemia.
Which pair of neonatal calf diarrheas both have public health/zoonotic
significance?
A - Colibacillosis,
Ostertagiasis
B - Colibacillosis,
Rotavirus
C - Cryptosporidiosis,
Salmonella
D - Salmonella,
Coccidiosis
E - Clostridium perfringens, Coronavirus correct answersC -
Cryptosporidiosis,
Salmonell
a
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a protozoa implicated in drinking water-
associated
outbreaks of diarrhea in humans; Salmonellae can infect humans from a
number of
different sources (turtles, chickens,
eggs)
E. Coli can cause human disease, but Ostertagia and bovine rotavirus do not.
(There
a human IS version of rotavirus,
however)
C. perfringens can be found in soil and in the normal gut flora and is not
contagious.
Swainsonine is a toxic compound present in which one of the
following plants?
A - Persea americana
(Avocado)
B - Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken
fern)
C - Astragalus flavus (Milk
vetch)
D - Prunus virginiana
(Chokecherry)
E - Nerium oleander (Oleander) correct answersC - Astragalus flavus
(Milk vetch)
Swainsonine is found in many species of Astragalus and Oxytropis, called
locoweeds,
vetches, or milk
vetches.
, Ingestion of swainsonine causes neurologic signs of cerebral disease, called
"locoism"
in livestock. Behavior changes, aggression, ataxia, depression, circling, and
vision
are lossof the clinical signs
some
seen.
Recovery is possible with removal of the source, but since locoweed is
palatable,
animals may eat it again even when other forage is
available.
Cattle consuming locoweed at high altitudes can develop congestive heart
failure,mountain
"High called disease". Pulmonary hypertension causes excessive strain
on the heart
muscle
.
Nerium oleander (Oleander) contains cardiac
gylcosides.
Pteridium aquilinum (Bracken fern) contains glycosides and
thiaminase.
Persea americana (Avocado) contains
persin.
Prunus virginiana (Chokecherry) contains
cyanide.
An 8-year old Quarterhorse brood mare presents with an acute onset
of colic. On she has a heart rate of 58, respiratory rate of 28, and is seen
presentation
rolling onCRT
ground. theis approximately 3.0 seconds and mucous membranes are
slightly
She hasred.
rectal temperature is 101.6F. Gastrointestinal sounds are t
completely
and gastric absen
reflux yielded 15L of brown- to yellow- colored fluid. Peritoneal
fluid analysis
yielded a cloudy yellow fluid with a protein of 2.8 gm/dl and white blood
cell count of
11,354/ul. Which of the following is not a likely
diagnosis?
Epiploic foramen
entrapment
Mesenteric
rent
Small intestinal
volvulus
Strangulating lipoma correct answersStrangulating
lipoma
Explanation - The correct answer is strangulating lipoma. The clinical
signs are with any of the answer choices. However, a strangulating
consistent
lipomatoisbe
likely least
the case since this horse is still relatively young. Strangulating
lipomas areseen in older
commonly
horses.
What is the main lesion associated with polioencephalomalacia
in cattle?
Necrosis of cortical gray
matter
Bacterial infiltration of the
gyri
Normocytic, normochromic
anemia
Herniation of the cerebellum correct answersNecrosis of cortical
gray matter
Explanation - The correct answer is necrosis of the cortical grey matter. A
normochromic anemia is considered an anemia of chronic disease and is
normocytic,
not really
lesion. a
Herniation of the cerebellum through the foramen magnum or the
occipital cortex
under the tentorium cerebelli may occur, however, only in severe
cases, and is
