Essential Cell Biology Chapter 20
Epithelial Tissue - ANS-Tissue lines and covers; densely packed cells, some specialized
Connective Tissue - ANS-Tissue with few cells, much extracellular matrix
Muscle Tissue - ANS-Tissue that's skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Nervous Tissue - ANS-Tissue for neurons and glial cells
Organs - ANS-Four tissues combined and organized form
Human Skin - ANS-Largest organ with all 4 tissue types
Digestive Tract - ANS-Contains epithelial, connective, and muscle tissue
Extracellular Matrix - ANS-- organized by a network of extracellular material
- secreted by cells and stays closely associated with cells
Collagen - ANS-- most abundant protein in the body
- triple helix, strong, tough fibers
- primary component of connective tissues
Fibroblasts - ANS-Make collagen and arrange it
Pro-collagen - ANS-Secreted collagen
Collagen Organization - ANS-scab > skin surface > epidermis > scar tissue > dermis
Diseases of Collagen Synthesis - ANS-- osteogenesis imperfection
- ehlers-danlos syndrome
- menkes syndrome
- scurvy
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - ANS-- genetic defect in collagenase results in skin that is abnormally
stretchy and lacks tensile strength
- hypermobile joints
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - ANS-- caused by defect in type I collagen
- extremely fragile bones and thin skin
- weak tendons
, Fibronectin - ANS-- helps attach cells to the ECM
- 2 binding sites (1 to collagen, 1 to integrins)
Integrin Proteins - ANS-- helps attach cells to the ECM
- bind to adaptor proteins which link to actin filaments
- become activated by binding to molecules inside or outside the cell
Proteoglycans - ANS-ECM proteins with complex of negatively-charged polysaccharides; the
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
GAGs - ANS-Attract water, form gels that resist compression
Heparin-sulfate Proteoglycans - ANS-- attached to cell surface
- core protein spans membrane and attaches to actin cytoskeleton
Epithelial Cells - ANS-- form polarized sheets, resting on basal lamina
- packed together in different ways to form epithelial sheet
Basal Lamina - ANS-- provides cell support
- maintains cell polarity
- separates adjacent tissue
- substrate for cell migration
- barrier to passage of macromolecules
- filtration in kidney
Basement Membrane - ANS-Basal lamina and reticular lamina
Tight Junction - ANS-Seals neighbouring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage
of molecules between them
Adherens Junction - ANS-Joins an actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in a neighbouring
cell, often form an "adhesion belt"
Desmosome - ANS-Joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to those in a neighbour:
- link keratin and other IF to one another
- confer great tensile strength
Gap Junction - ANS-Allows the passage of small water-soluble ions and molecules in the
cytosol
Hemidesmosome - ANS-Anchors intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina
- broken when skin is blistered
Epithelial Tissue - ANS-Tissue lines and covers; densely packed cells, some specialized
Connective Tissue - ANS-Tissue with few cells, much extracellular matrix
Muscle Tissue - ANS-Tissue that's skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Nervous Tissue - ANS-Tissue for neurons and glial cells
Organs - ANS-Four tissues combined and organized form
Human Skin - ANS-Largest organ with all 4 tissue types
Digestive Tract - ANS-Contains epithelial, connective, and muscle tissue
Extracellular Matrix - ANS-- organized by a network of extracellular material
- secreted by cells and stays closely associated with cells
Collagen - ANS-- most abundant protein in the body
- triple helix, strong, tough fibers
- primary component of connective tissues
Fibroblasts - ANS-Make collagen and arrange it
Pro-collagen - ANS-Secreted collagen
Collagen Organization - ANS-scab > skin surface > epidermis > scar tissue > dermis
Diseases of Collagen Synthesis - ANS-- osteogenesis imperfection
- ehlers-danlos syndrome
- menkes syndrome
- scurvy
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome - ANS-- genetic defect in collagenase results in skin that is abnormally
stretchy and lacks tensile strength
- hypermobile joints
Osteogenesis Imperfecta - ANS-- caused by defect in type I collagen
- extremely fragile bones and thin skin
- weak tendons
, Fibronectin - ANS-- helps attach cells to the ECM
- 2 binding sites (1 to collagen, 1 to integrins)
Integrin Proteins - ANS-- helps attach cells to the ECM
- bind to adaptor proteins which link to actin filaments
- become activated by binding to molecules inside or outside the cell
Proteoglycans - ANS-ECM proteins with complex of negatively-charged polysaccharides; the
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
GAGs - ANS-Attract water, form gels that resist compression
Heparin-sulfate Proteoglycans - ANS-- attached to cell surface
- core protein spans membrane and attaches to actin cytoskeleton
Epithelial Cells - ANS-- form polarized sheets, resting on basal lamina
- packed together in different ways to form epithelial sheet
Basal Lamina - ANS-- provides cell support
- maintains cell polarity
- separates adjacent tissue
- substrate for cell migration
- barrier to passage of macromolecules
- filtration in kidney
Basement Membrane - ANS-Basal lamina and reticular lamina
Tight Junction - ANS-Seals neighbouring cells together in an epithelial sheet to prevent leakage
of molecules between them
Adherens Junction - ANS-Joins an actin bundle in one cell to a similar bundle in a neighbouring
cell, often form an "adhesion belt"
Desmosome - ANS-Joins the intermediate filaments in one cell to those in a neighbour:
- link keratin and other IF to one another
- confer great tensile strength
Gap Junction - ANS-Allows the passage of small water-soluble ions and molecules in the
cytosol
Hemidesmosome - ANS-Anchors intermediate filaments in a cell to the basal lamina
- broken when skin is blistered
