TITLE IX EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
Before Title IX - -In 1971, there were 3.7 million boys playing HS sports and only 295,000
girls
-for every 12.5 boys playing on a team there was only 1 girl
-for every dollar spent on HS sports, 99 cents went to boys teams and girls received the
remaining penny
Today - -25 Olympic sports for women
-Annika Sorenstam played in the 2003 Buick Open, a PGS Men's tour event, in May
-Babe didrickson Zaharias was one of the most revered women athletes in history
When was Title IX enacted? - 1972
Does Title IX only apply to colleges and universities? - -No, covers any educational
program or activity receiving federal financial assistance
What is Title IX a provision of? - Provision of the Higher Education Act of 1972
What does Title IX state? - "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be
excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under
any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."
What does Title IX cover? - -Covers nay education program
What does Title IX cover in athletics? - -facilities
-publicity
-opportunities
-pay for coaches
-scheduling of games and practices
-scholarships
The three compliance requirements for Title IX: - 1. Demonstrate that sport participation
opportunities for each gender are proportionate to its full-time undergraduates enrollment
2. Demonstrate a history and continuing practice of expansion of its women's athletic program
, 3. Demonstrate that the interests and abilities of members of the underrepresented sex have
been fully accommodated
Title IX on accommodating the interests and abilities of its women students - A university
must ask itself if there is enough ability and unmet interest to field a team and if enough
competition exists to make it worthwhile
Title IX and the coaching situation - -USA Today (2006), Linda Carpenter and Vivian
Acosta found in all sports in NCAA (across all divisions) only 42% of women's teams are coached
by women
-2009 Race and Gender Demographics report for NCAA members shows a continuing drop in
the % of female head coaches coaching women's teams
-only 39.5% of women's teams currently have female head coaches, lowest % in history
-The % of racial and ethnic minority women's head coaches was 13.9%
-Less than 20% of all head coaches for both men's and women's teams are female
-In 1972, 90% of women's college teams were coached by women
-Men's coaching salaries are substantially higher than women's
Is Title IX the reason that some men's collegiate athletic programs have been eliminated? -
-Men's wrestling, tennis, and gymnastic have shown a LOT of losses
-2002, the Nation Wrestling Coaches Association issued a challenge to Title IX; same that the
Brown challenge contended... Title IX creates a "quota system"
DI football programs carry some ___ football players on scholarships - 80
Unintended consequences of Title IX - -Associated Press (2007): said 25 yrs after Title IX,
percentage of women coaches is at its lowest level; more men are coaching women's teams
than at any other time in history
-avg. salaries for coaches of women's teams (male or female) still trail those of coaches for
men's teams
-percentage of teams coached by women dropped from 90% in 1972 in 1972 to 42% in 2006
(lowest figure on record)c
# of women's intercollegiate teams in 1977, 2006, 2012* - 3495, 8702, 9274*
Women In Intercollegiate Sport (Acosta & Carpenter, Longitudinal study, 1977-2012): 2012
Athletics Job Market for Females - -13,792 female professionals are employed in
intercollegiate athletics- highest ever
ANSWERS
Before Title IX - -In 1971, there were 3.7 million boys playing HS sports and only 295,000
girls
-for every 12.5 boys playing on a team there was only 1 girl
-for every dollar spent on HS sports, 99 cents went to boys teams and girls received the
remaining penny
Today - -25 Olympic sports for women
-Annika Sorenstam played in the 2003 Buick Open, a PGS Men's tour event, in May
-Babe didrickson Zaharias was one of the most revered women athletes in history
When was Title IX enacted? - 1972
Does Title IX only apply to colleges and universities? - -No, covers any educational
program or activity receiving federal financial assistance
What is Title IX a provision of? - Provision of the Higher Education Act of 1972
What does Title IX state? - "No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be
excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under
any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance."
What does Title IX cover? - -Covers nay education program
What does Title IX cover in athletics? - -facilities
-publicity
-opportunities
-pay for coaches
-scheduling of games and practices
-scholarships
The three compliance requirements for Title IX: - 1. Demonstrate that sport participation
opportunities for each gender are proportionate to its full-time undergraduates enrollment
2. Demonstrate a history and continuing practice of expansion of its women's athletic program
, 3. Demonstrate that the interests and abilities of members of the underrepresented sex have
been fully accommodated
Title IX on accommodating the interests and abilities of its women students - A university
must ask itself if there is enough ability and unmet interest to field a team and if enough
competition exists to make it worthwhile
Title IX and the coaching situation - -USA Today (2006), Linda Carpenter and Vivian
Acosta found in all sports in NCAA (across all divisions) only 42% of women's teams are coached
by women
-2009 Race and Gender Demographics report for NCAA members shows a continuing drop in
the % of female head coaches coaching women's teams
-only 39.5% of women's teams currently have female head coaches, lowest % in history
-The % of racial and ethnic minority women's head coaches was 13.9%
-Less than 20% of all head coaches for both men's and women's teams are female
-In 1972, 90% of women's college teams were coached by women
-Men's coaching salaries are substantially higher than women's
Is Title IX the reason that some men's collegiate athletic programs have been eliminated? -
-Men's wrestling, tennis, and gymnastic have shown a LOT of losses
-2002, the Nation Wrestling Coaches Association issued a challenge to Title IX; same that the
Brown challenge contended... Title IX creates a "quota system"
DI football programs carry some ___ football players on scholarships - 80
Unintended consequences of Title IX - -Associated Press (2007): said 25 yrs after Title IX,
percentage of women coaches is at its lowest level; more men are coaching women's teams
than at any other time in history
-avg. salaries for coaches of women's teams (male or female) still trail those of coaches for
men's teams
-percentage of teams coached by women dropped from 90% in 1972 in 1972 to 42% in 2006
(lowest figure on record)c
# of women's intercollegiate teams in 1977, 2006, 2012* - 3495, 8702, 9274*
Women In Intercollegiate Sport (Acosta & Carpenter, Longitudinal study, 1977-2012): 2012
Athletics Job Market for Females - -13,792 female professionals are employed in
intercollegiate athletics- highest ever
