BIO 230 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+ 2025/2026
✔✔Biologists currently define something as ALIVE because it... - ✔✔reproduces and
makes copies of itself
✔✔S.I.T.E.S. - ✔✔Structure and Function
Information Flow
Transformation of Energy and Matter
(((Evolution)))
Systems Biology
✔✔What of the following is ordered from LARGEST to SMALLEST? #3 -
✔✔mitochondrion, virus, hemoglobin, glucose, water molecule
✔✔Based on Cell Theory, which of the following are considered to bealive/living? -
✔✔Bacteria
✔✔What of the following are
eukaryotic cells? - ✔✔yeast, human, and plant cells
✔✔DNA Nucleotides
A=
T=
G=
C = - ✔✔A = Adenine
T = Thymine
G = Guanine
C = Cytosine
✔✔If 20% of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule are Adenine...
what percentage of the nucleotides do you predict would be Cytosine? - ✔✔A)30%
✔✔What percentage of the human genome (all the nucleotides in all 46 chromosomes
in a cell in your body)
do you PREDICT are genes that code for how to build protein molecules? - ✔✔1.5 %
✔✔Different cells in the human body are able to do different functions because they
have different... - ✔✔Proteins
✔✔DNA (gene) --> RNA --> Protein -->Trait - ✔✔DNA (gene) --> RNA-->Protein -->
Trait
✔✔The product of the process of ___________
, is a new _______________ molecule. - ✔✔translation...protein
✔✔Naming Some Types of Mutations - ✔✔- Substitution Point Mutation,
Missense (different protein; Sickle Cell Mutation!)
- Substitution Point Mutation, Silent,
Sense (same protein made)
- Insertion Point Mutation, Frameshift! Nonsense (protein fragment made)
- Deletion Point Mutation, Frameshift!
Missense (different protein made)
✔✔Which of the following statements about getting from a GENE to a TRAIT is most
biologically accurate? - ✔✔DNA turns into RNA during transcription.
✔✔Which of the following are ordered correctly from SMALLEST to LARGEST? -
✔✔nucleotide, gene, codon, X chromosome, human genome
✔✔Common mutagens include - ✔✔• UV (ultraviolet) radiation from sun
• X-Rays
• Variety of chemicals (benzene)
• Cigarette smoke
• Inhaled asbestos
• Viruses
✔✔Single Nucleotide Mutations can be... - ✔✔Substitution (silent, missense, nonsense)
Insertion (frameshift! missense, nonsense)
Deletion (frameshift! missense, nonsense)
✔✔Your friend was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Your friend's breast cancer
cells most likely have... - ✔✔Multiple DNA mutations, with at least one in a proto-
oncogene and one in a tumor suppressor gene.
✔✔At least TWO Mutation Events(and usually more) are Required for a Cell to Become
Cancerous - ✔✔GAIN of Function Mutation in a PROTO-ONCOGENE OR LOSS of
Function Mutation in a TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE
✔✔The types of mutations that are hypothesized to underlie many types of cancer
are.... - ✔✔A.loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes
✔✔Things that make HeLa cells different: - ✔✔...have many more chromosomes (~80!)
than normal body cells (46)
...have DNA mutations that are insertions of human papilloma virus (HPV) genes
...have active telomerase
A+ 2025/2026
✔✔Biologists currently define something as ALIVE because it... - ✔✔reproduces and
makes copies of itself
✔✔S.I.T.E.S. - ✔✔Structure and Function
Information Flow
Transformation of Energy and Matter
(((Evolution)))
Systems Biology
✔✔What of the following is ordered from LARGEST to SMALLEST? #3 -
✔✔mitochondrion, virus, hemoglobin, glucose, water molecule
✔✔Based on Cell Theory, which of the following are considered to bealive/living? -
✔✔Bacteria
✔✔What of the following are
eukaryotic cells? - ✔✔yeast, human, and plant cells
✔✔DNA Nucleotides
A=
T=
G=
C = - ✔✔A = Adenine
T = Thymine
G = Guanine
C = Cytosine
✔✔If 20% of the nucleotides in a DNA molecule are Adenine...
what percentage of the nucleotides do you predict would be Cytosine? - ✔✔A)30%
✔✔What percentage of the human genome (all the nucleotides in all 46 chromosomes
in a cell in your body)
do you PREDICT are genes that code for how to build protein molecules? - ✔✔1.5 %
✔✔Different cells in the human body are able to do different functions because they
have different... - ✔✔Proteins
✔✔DNA (gene) --> RNA --> Protein -->Trait - ✔✔DNA (gene) --> RNA-->Protein -->
Trait
✔✔The product of the process of ___________
, is a new _______________ molecule. - ✔✔translation...protein
✔✔Naming Some Types of Mutations - ✔✔- Substitution Point Mutation,
Missense (different protein; Sickle Cell Mutation!)
- Substitution Point Mutation, Silent,
Sense (same protein made)
- Insertion Point Mutation, Frameshift! Nonsense (protein fragment made)
- Deletion Point Mutation, Frameshift!
Missense (different protein made)
✔✔Which of the following statements about getting from a GENE to a TRAIT is most
biologically accurate? - ✔✔DNA turns into RNA during transcription.
✔✔Which of the following are ordered correctly from SMALLEST to LARGEST? -
✔✔nucleotide, gene, codon, X chromosome, human genome
✔✔Common mutagens include - ✔✔• UV (ultraviolet) radiation from sun
• X-Rays
• Variety of chemicals (benzene)
• Cigarette smoke
• Inhaled asbestos
• Viruses
✔✔Single Nucleotide Mutations can be... - ✔✔Substitution (silent, missense, nonsense)
Insertion (frameshift! missense, nonsense)
Deletion (frameshift! missense, nonsense)
✔✔Your friend was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Your friend's breast cancer
cells most likely have... - ✔✔Multiple DNA mutations, with at least one in a proto-
oncogene and one in a tumor suppressor gene.
✔✔At least TWO Mutation Events(and usually more) are Required for a Cell to Become
Cancerous - ✔✔GAIN of Function Mutation in a PROTO-ONCOGENE OR LOSS of
Function Mutation in a TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE
✔✔The types of mutations that are hypothesized to underlie many types of cancer
are.... - ✔✔A.loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes
✔✔Things that make HeLa cells different: - ✔✔...have many more chromosomes (~80!)
than normal body cells (46)
...have DNA mutations that are insertions of human papilloma virus (HPV) genes
...have active telomerase
