Kettering Patient Assessment –A questions with
correct answers
What is the most important life function - ANSWER -ventilation
what is the most common life function - ANSWER -oxygenation
Marked means - ANSWER -more severe.. it is an emergency
Signs - ANSWER -what you see (objective)
anything that can be seen or measured
Symptoms - ANSWER -what the patient tells you (subjective)
how you feel
recommended therapy for nicotine users - ANSWER -recommend nicotine
therapy
Normal urine output - ANSWER -40 ml/hr
1 L/day
if intake exceeds urine output, this could result in: - ANSWER -weight gain (due
to gaining fluid too)
electrolyte imbalance
increased hemodynamic pressures
decreased lung compliance (decreased ventilation and oxygenation)
Normal CVP - ANSWER -2-6 mmHg
decrease in CVP indicates: - ANSWER -hypovolemia (decreased fluid-
recommend fluid therapy)
increase in CVP indicates: - ANSWER -hypervalemia (increased fluid-
recommend diuretics)
,Lethargic, somnolent, sleepy - ANSWER -consider sleep apnea or excess O2 in pt
with COPD
Stuporous, confused - ANSWER -responds inappropriately, drug overdose,
intoxication
Semi comatose - ANSWER -responds only to painful stimuli
Obtunded - ANSWER -drowsy state, may have decreased cough or gag reflex
Coma - ANSWER -does not respond to painful stimuli
Orthopnea - difficulty breathing lying down; normally is associated with what
disease - ANSWER -congestive heart failure
General malaise - nausea, weakness, lightheaded, fatigued; is normally associated
with what - ANSWER -electrolyte imbalance
What is pain and what is affected by pain - ANSWER -a reaction of specific
nervous tissue, may increase blood pressure and heart rate
-- Lung tissue is NOT pain sensitive
-- ribs, muscle, and pleura are sensitive to pain
History of present illness includes - ANSWER -current medical/physical
problem(s)
Peripheral edema;
What is it?
Where does it occur?
What is it caused by?
How is it rated?
How do you fix it? - ANSWER --presence of *excess fluid* in the tissue; pitting
edema
, - occurs in arms and ankles
- caused by CHF and renal failure
- rated by +1, +2, +3 etc
- recommend diuretic therapy
What is ascites - ANSWER -accumulation of fluid in the abdomen generally
caused by liver failure
Clubbing fingers are caused by what? - ANSWER -chronic hypoxemia
occurs in COPD patients
What is venous distention?
What is it caused by?
When is it seen? - ANSWER --increased venous distention or jugular vein
distention
-occurs in CHF
- seen during exhalation in patients with obstructive disease
Capillary refill is an indication of what? - ANSWER -indicates peripheral
circulation
color should return within 3 seconds
Diaphoresis can be caused by 4 factors including: - ANSWER -1. heart failure
(rec. diuretics, positive inotropic agents)
2. fever, infection (rec. antibiotics)
3. anxiety, nervousness (rec. sedative)
4. tuberculosis/ night sweats (rec. anti tubercular drugs)
Erythema skin color - ANSWER -redness; may be due to capillary congestion,
inflammation or infection
cyanosis skin color - ANSWER -blue or blue-grey (dusky) discoloration; may be
caused by hypoxemia from decreased hemoglobin (5g of reduced hb)
correct answers
What is the most important life function - ANSWER -ventilation
what is the most common life function - ANSWER -oxygenation
Marked means - ANSWER -more severe.. it is an emergency
Signs - ANSWER -what you see (objective)
anything that can be seen or measured
Symptoms - ANSWER -what the patient tells you (subjective)
how you feel
recommended therapy for nicotine users - ANSWER -recommend nicotine
therapy
Normal urine output - ANSWER -40 ml/hr
1 L/day
if intake exceeds urine output, this could result in: - ANSWER -weight gain (due
to gaining fluid too)
electrolyte imbalance
increased hemodynamic pressures
decreased lung compliance (decreased ventilation and oxygenation)
Normal CVP - ANSWER -2-6 mmHg
decrease in CVP indicates: - ANSWER -hypovolemia (decreased fluid-
recommend fluid therapy)
increase in CVP indicates: - ANSWER -hypervalemia (increased fluid-
recommend diuretics)
,Lethargic, somnolent, sleepy - ANSWER -consider sleep apnea or excess O2 in pt
with COPD
Stuporous, confused - ANSWER -responds inappropriately, drug overdose,
intoxication
Semi comatose - ANSWER -responds only to painful stimuli
Obtunded - ANSWER -drowsy state, may have decreased cough or gag reflex
Coma - ANSWER -does not respond to painful stimuli
Orthopnea - difficulty breathing lying down; normally is associated with what
disease - ANSWER -congestive heart failure
General malaise - nausea, weakness, lightheaded, fatigued; is normally associated
with what - ANSWER -electrolyte imbalance
What is pain and what is affected by pain - ANSWER -a reaction of specific
nervous tissue, may increase blood pressure and heart rate
-- Lung tissue is NOT pain sensitive
-- ribs, muscle, and pleura are sensitive to pain
History of present illness includes - ANSWER -current medical/physical
problem(s)
Peripheral edema;
What is it?
Where does it occur?
What is it caused by?
How is it rated?
How do you fix it? - ANSWER --presence of *excess fluid* in the tissue; pitting
edema
, - occurs in arms and ankles
- caused by CHF and renal failure
- rated by +1, +2, +3 etc
- recommend diuretic therapy
What is ascites - ANSWER -accumulation of fluid in the abdomen generally
caused by liver failure
Clubbing fingers are caused by what? - ANSWER -chronic hypoxemia
occurs in COPD patients
What is venous distention?
What is it caused by?
When is it seen? - ANSWER --increased venous distention or jugular vein
distention
-occurs in CHF
- seen during exhalation in patients with obstructive disease
Capillary refill is an indication of what? - ANSWER -indicates peripheral
circulation
color should return within 3 seconds
Diaphoresis can be caused by 4 factors including: - ANSWER -1. heart failure
(rec. diuretics, positive inotropic agents)
2. fever, infection (rec. antibiotics)
3. anxiety, nervousness (rec. sedative)
4. tuberculosis/ night sweats (rec. anti tubercular drugs)
Erythema skin color - ANSWER -redness; may be due to capillary congestion,
inflammation or infection
cyanosis skin color - ANSWER -blue or blue-grey (dusky) discoloration; may be
caused by hypoxemia from decreased hemoglobin (5g of reduced hb)
