Chapter 15
1. Which of the following statements is true?
A) The results of statistical testing have direct meaning.
B) Evaluating the credibility of a study typically involves a careful assessment of
methodologic decisions.
C) Support of a researcher's hypothesis through statistical testing offers proof of its
veracity.
D) A correlation between two variables indicates that the independent variable caused
the dependent variable.
2. Information about the precision of results typically is communication in the form of
m
which of the following?
A) Significance levels
co
B) Effect size estimates
C) Correlation coefficients
.
D) Confidence intervals
ep
pr
3. Information about the magnitude or importance of results typically takes the form of
which of the following?
A) Significance levels
B) Effect size estimates
st
te
C) Correlation coefficients
ng
D) Confidence intervals
si
4. Which of the following is an aspect or dimension of the interpretive task? Select all that
ur
apply.
A) The accuracy or credibility of the results
yn
B) The meaning of the results
C) The vigor of the results
.m
D) The implications of the results
w
5. When a researcher makes a Type II error (concludes that no relationship between the
w
independent and dependent variable exists when in fact it does), this could occur
w
because of which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) An anomalous sample
B) Unreliable data collection instruments
C) Problems with adequately implementing the intervention
D) A large sample size
Page 1
, 6. When a researcher obtains significant results that are opposite to what was originally
hypothesized, it is likely that this occurred because of which of the following?
A) Inadequate sample size
B) Unreliable data collection instruments
C) A flawed statistical analysis
D) Faulty reasoning
7. The Results section of a research article summarizes results of which of the following?
A) Study conclusions
B) Statistical analyses
m
C) Inferences
D) Interpretation of study findings
. co
8. It is important that researchers design rigorous study methods to prevent which of the
ep
following?
A) Making inferences
pr
B) Biases
C) Rejection of null hypothesis
D) Internal audit st
te
ng
9. A study is investigating the rate of immunization at a community-based clinic. Selection
bias is most likely to be present in which of the following samples?
A) Random sample of clients accessing an urgent care clinic
si
B) Random sample of records of school clinic vaccination rates
ur
C) Convenience sample of mothers who bring children to clinic for vaccinations
D) Convenience sample of high school students who have received required
yn
vaccinations
.m
10. A main purpose of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow
w
diagram is which of the following?
A) Track the progress of study participants
w
B) Present accurate statistical analyses
w
C) Compare and contrast current study findings
D) Summarize previous study findings
Page 2
1. Which of the following statements is true?
A) The results of statistical testing have direct meaning.
B) Evaluating the credibility of a study typically involves a careful assessment of
methodologic decisions.
C) Support of a researcher's hypothesis through statistical testing offers proof of its
veracity.
D) A correlation between two variables indicates that the independent variable caused
the dependent variable.
2. Information about the precision of results typically is communication in the form of
m
which of the following?
A) Significance levels
co
B) Effect size estimates
C) Correlation coefficients
.
D) Confidence intervals
ep
pr
3. Information about the magnitude or importance of results typically takes the form of
which of the following?
A) Significance levels
B) Effect size estimates
st
te
C) Correlation coefficients
ng
D) Confidence intervals
si
4. Which of the following is an aspect or dimension of the interpretive task? Select all that
ur
apply.
A) The accuracy or credibility of the results
yn
B) The meaning of the results
C) The vigor of the results
.m
D) The implications of the results
w
5. When a researcher makes a Type II error (concludes that no relationship between the
w
independent and dependent variable exists when in fact it does), this could occur
w
because of which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) An anomalous sample
B) Unreliable data collection instruments
C) Problems with adequately implementing the intervention
D) A large sample size
Page 1
, 6. When a researcher obtains significant results that are opposite to what was originally
hypothesized, it is likely that this occurred because of which of the following?
A) Inadequate sample size
B) Unreliable data collection instruments
C) A flawed statistical analysis
D) Faulty reasoning
7. The Results section of a research article summarizes results of which of the following?
A) Study conclusions
B) Statistical analyses
m
C) Inferences
D) Interpretation of study findings
. co
8. It is important that researchers design rigorous study methods to prevent which of the
ep
following?
A) Making inferences
pr
B) Biases
C) Rejection of null hypothesis
D) Internal audit st
te
ng
9. A study is investigating the rate of immunization at a community-based clinic. Selection
bias is most likely to be present in which of the following samples?
A) Random sample of clients accessing an urgent care clinic
si
B) Random sample of records of school clinic vaccination rates
ur
C) Convenience sample of mothers who bring children to clinic for vaccinations
D) Convenience sample of high school students who have received required
yn
vaccinations
.m
10. A main purpose of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) flow
w
diagram is which of the following?
A) Track the progress of study participants
w
B) Present accurate statistical analyses
w
C) Compare and contrast current study findings
D) Summarize previous study findings
Page 2
