UTA Pharmacology Exam 2
Questions and Answers All
Correct
What are the contraindications of the loop diuretic furosemide (Lasix)? - Answer-sulfa
allergy, severe electrolyte loss, hypokalemia
High doses of Lasix can lead to what? - Answer-Ototoxicity
What is the method of action of the diuretic HCTZ? - Answer-treatment of HTN because
of action of decreasing preload and after load
What are the adverse effects of HCTZ - Answer-electrolyte depletion can cause
decrease in potassium and increase in calcium and an increase in uric acid-rashes,
photosensitivity, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (gout), hypokalemia, anorexia
ALL diuretics (Lasix, HCTZ, spironolactone, triamterene): ______ - Answer-inhibit
reabsorption of sodium, cause increase in water to leave the body, decrease preload,
and require daily weights
What is the daily weight calculation? - Answer-2.2 Ibs =1 kg= 1 L of fluid
What is the method of action of Spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium)
- Answer-interfere with sodium and potassium exchange in collecting ducts and distal
tubules.
Fairly weak and usually combined with thiazide/loop for synergism and to counteract
potassium wasting in other diuretics
What adverse effects are specific to spironolactone? - Answer-gynecomastia,
amenorrhea, bleeding after menopause
What is the method of action of beta blockers? - Answer-blocks beta 1 (cardio selective)
and/or beta 2 (non-cardio selective) receptors to reduce BP/CO/Contractility
, What are the prototype beta blocking drugs? why are they different? - Answer-
Propranolol (Inderal)-non-cardio selective - works on B1 and B2 receptors
Atenolol (Tenormin)-cardio selective -works only on beta 1 receptors
Why are beta blockers used? - Answer-treatment of angina, post MI, HTN, migraines,
glaucoma, HF
What are the major side effects of beta blockers? - Answer-SERIOUS: CHF/MI, severe
bradycardia, heart block, dysrhythmias, bronchospasm (noncardio selective),
hypersensitivity reaction
COMMON: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, drowsiness, cold extremities
beta blocker drug interactions - Answer-loop diuretics (reduce preload- lower BP)
Calcium channel blockers (decrease BP, slow HR)
insulin (pt may not recognize signs of hypoglycemia)
how will you know if a beta blocker is working? - Answer-reduced HR, BP
what is the prototype alpha 1 agonist? what do they treat? - Answer-tamsulosin
(Flowmax)-BPH
Phentamine (Regitine)- HTN
what is the prototype alpha 2 agonist? - Answer-Clonidine
what do both alpha agonist drugs treat? - Answer-HTN
what classes of drugs treat mainly hypertension? - Answer-beta blockers, ACE
inhibitors, ARBs, Calcium channel blockers
what is the prototype ACE inhibitor? - Answer-Lipitor (Zestril)
what is the prototype ARB? - Answer-Losartan (Cozaar)
what are the two types of calcium channel blockers? How are they different? - Answer-
Dihydropiridines (Dilate)- given for HTN only
Non-dihydropiridens (Nodes)- given for HTN and to slow HR
what are the 3 calcium channel blocker prototype drugs? - Answer-nifedipine
(procardia)
verapamil (calan)
diltiazem (cardizem)
why is lisinopril (Zestril) given? - Answer-antiHTN
Questions and Answers All
Correct
What are the contraindications of the loop diuretic furosemide (Lasix)? - Answer-sulfa
allergy, severe electrolyte loss, hypokalemia
High doses of Lasix can lead to what? - Answer-Ototoxicity
What is the method of action of the diuretic HCTZ? - Answer-treatment of HTN because
of action of decreasing preload and after load
What are the adverse effects of HCTZ - Answer-electrolyte depletion can cause
decrease in potassium and increase in calcium and an increase in uric acid-rashes,
photosensitivity, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia (gout), hypokalemia, anorexia
ALL diuretics (Lasix, HCTZ, spironolactone, triamterene): ______ - Answer-inhibit
reabsorption of sodium, cause increase in water to leave the body, decrease preload,
and require daily weights
What is the daily weight calculation? - Answer-2.2 Ibs =1 kg= 1 L of fluid
What is the method of action of Spironolactone (Aldactone) and triamterene (Dyrenium)
- Answer-interfere with sodium and potassium exchange in collecting ducts and distal
tubules.
Fairly weak and usually combined with thiazide/loop for synergism and to counteract
potassium wasting in other diuretics
What adverse effects are specific to spironolactone? - Answer-gynecomastia,
amenorrhea, bleeding after menopause
What is the method of action of beta blockers? - Answer-blocks beta 1 (cardio selective)
and/or beta 2 (non-cardio selective) receptors to reduce BP/CO/Contractility
, What are the prototype beta blocking drugs? why are they different? - Answer-
Propranolol (Inderal)-non-cardio selective - works on B1 and B2 receptors
Atenolol (Tenormin)-cardio selective -works only on beta 1 receptors
Why are beta blockers used? - Answer-treatment of angina, post MI, HTN, migraines,
glaucoma, HF
What are the major side effects of beta blockers? - Answer-SERIOUS: CHF/MI, severe
bradycardia, heart block, dysrhythmias, bronchospasm (noncardio selective),
hypersensitivity reaction
COMMON: bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, fatigue, drowsiness, cold extremities
beta blocker drug interactions - Answer-loop diuretics (reduce preload- lower BP)
Calcium channel blockers (decrease BP, slow HR)
insulin (pt may not recognize signs of hypoglycemia)
how will you know if a beta blocker is working? - Answer-reduced HR, BP
what is the prototype alpha 1 agonist? what do they treat? - Answer-tamsulosin
(Flowmax)-BPH
Phentamine (Regitine)- HTN
what is the prototype alpha 2 agonist? - Answer-Clonidine
what do both alpha agonist drugs treat? - Answer-HTN
what classes of drugs treat mainly hypertension? - Answer-beta blockers, ACE
inhibitors, ARBs, Calcium channel blockers
what is the prototype ACE inhibitor? - Answer-Lipitor (Zestril)
what is the prototype ARB? - Answer-Losartan (Cozaar)
what are the two types of calcium channel blockers? How are they different? - Answer-
Dihydropiridines (Dilate)- given for HTN only
Non-dihydropiridens (Nodes)- given for HTN and to slow HR
what are the 3 calcium channel blocker prototype drugs? - Answer-nifedipine
(procardia)
verapamil (calan)
diltiazem (cardizem)
why is lisinopril (Zestril) given? - Answer-antiHTN
