BSC1005 EXAM 4 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
population - CORRECT ANSWER - - a group of organisms of the same species living
together in the same geographic location
evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - - Change over time
- allege frequency changes
- population evolves, not the individual
fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - - an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a
particular environment
- higher fitness = increased change of alleles being passed to the next generation
natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER - - the differential survival and reproduction of
individuals within a population in response to environmental pressure
- occurs in patterns
directional selection - CORRECT ANSWER - predominant phenotypes near one end of
the spectrum
stabilizing selection - CORRECT ANSWER - predominant phenotypes near middle of the
spectrum
diversifying selection - CORRECT ANSWER - predominant phenotypes are at both ends
of the spectrum
Staphyloccus aureus - CORRECT ANSWER - - aka: staph
- 30-40% of people carry on skin and in noses
- sometimes strains are harmless; others cause diseases
,- drug resistant strains exist
Methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - CORRECT ANSWER - - infectious
bacterium
- developed resistance to antibiotics
- affect people with a weak immune system
antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - - chemical that kills bacteria
- interfere with the function of essential bacteria cell structures
bianary fission - CORRECT ANSWER - - one parental cell divides into two daughter cells
antibiotic resistance - CORRECT ANSWER - - caused by acquiring new alleles in bacteria
- kills 23,000 people in the US per year
- random mutation
- gene transfer (passing genes between bacteria)
Nebular Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - - explanation for the formation of the
universe
- the entire solar system was formed at the same time due to the collapse of a swirling solar
nebula
igneous rock - CORRECT ANSWER - - formed from cooling and hardening of molten
lava
- used for radiometric dating
sedimentary rock - CORRECT ANSWER - - formed from pre existing rocks and dead
organisms that are buried and become cemented
- fossils
, radiometric dating - CORRECT ANSWER - the amount of radioactivity present in a rock
is used as a geologic clock
radioactive isotopes - CORRECT ANSWER - unstable forms of elements that decay into
other elements by emitting energetic particles (radiation)
isotope half life - CORRECT ANSWER - - the time it takes for half the isotope in a
sample to break down
- different radioactive isotopes decay at different rates
- constant for every isotope
- used to determine the age of the materials in which they're found
estimated age of the earth - CORRECT ANSWER - 4.5 billion years (life started over 3
billion years ago)
Harold Urey, Stanley Miller (1953) - CORRECT ANSWER - - replicated the chemical
environment of early earth in the lab (H2, CH4, NH3 and H2O)
- their experiments yielded new organic molecules, including amino acids, sugars, lipids and
nucleotides
- showed that it is possible to produce molecules of life from inorganic materials
geological time scale of earth - CORRECT ANSWER - - produced using the fossil record
and radiometric dating
3.7 billion years ago... - CORRECT ANSWER - - oldest known fossil
- atmosphere lacked oxygen
- unicellular prokaryotes lived that used other gases as fuel
- Emergence of unicellular photosynthetic organisms 3.0 to 2.5 billion years ago
- oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere
Questions and CORRECT Answers
population - CORRECT ANSWER - - a group of organisms of the same species living
together in the same geographic location
evolution - CORRECT ANSWER - - Change over time
- allege frequency changes
- population evolves, not the individual
fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - - an organisms ability to survive and reproduce in a
particular environment
- higher fitness = increased change of alleles being passed to the next generation
natural selection - CORRECT ANSWER - - the differential survival and reproduction of
individuals within a population in response to environmental pressure
- occurs in patterns
directional selection - CORRECT ANSWER - predominant phenotypes near one end of
the spectrum
stabilizing selection - CORRECT ANSWER - predominant phenotypes near middle of the
spectrum
diversifying selection - CORRECT ANSWER - predominant phenotypes are at both ends
of the spectrum
Staphyloccus aureus - CORRECT ANSWER - - aka: staph
- 30-40% of people carry on skin and in noses
- sometimes strains are harmless; others cause diseases
,- drug resistant strains exist
Methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - CORRECT ANSWER - - infectious
bacterium
- developed resistance to antibiotics
- affect people with a weak immune system
antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - - chemical that kills bacteria
- interfere with the function of essential bacteria cell structures
bianary fission - CORRECT ANSWER - - one parental cell divides into two daughter cells
antibiotic resistance - CORRECT ANSWER - - caused by acquiring new alleles in bacteria
- kills 23,000 people in the US per year
- random mutation
- gene transfer (passing genes between bacteria)
Nebular Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER - - explanation for the formation of the
universe
- the entire solar system was formed at the same time due to the collapse of a swirling solar
nebula
igneous rock - CORRECT ANSWER - - formed from cooling and hardening of molten
lava
- used for radiometric dating
sedimentary rock - CORRECT ANSWER - - formed from pre existing rocks and dead
organisms that are buried and become cemented
- fossils
, radiometric dating - CORRECT ANSWER - the amount of radioactivity present in a rock
is used as a geologic clock
radioactive isotopes - CORRECT ANSWER - unstable forms of elements that decay into
other elements by emitting energetic particles (radiation)
isotope half life - CORRECT ANSWER - - the time it takes for half the isotope in a
sample to break down
- different radioactive isotopes decay at different rates
- constant for every isotope
- used to determine the age of the materials in which they're found
estimated age of the earth - CORRECT ANSWER - 4.5 billion years (life started over 3
billion years ago)
Harold Urey, Stanley Miller (1953) - CORRECT ANSWER - - replicated the chemical
environment of early earth in the lab (H2, CH4, NH3 and H2O)
- their experiments yielded new organic molecules, including amino acids, sugars, lipids and
nucleotides
- showed that it is possible to produce molecules of life from inorganic materials
geological time scale of earth - CORRECT ANSWER - - produced using the fossil record
and radiometric dating
3.7 billion years ago... - CORRECT ANSWER - - oldest known fossil
- atmosphere lacked oxygen
- unicellular prokaryotes lived that used other gases as fuel
- Emergence of unicellular photosynthetic organisms 3.0 to 2.5 billion years ago
- oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere
