National Pilates Certification Exam
2025 – ANATOMY-Questions and
Answers
Long Bones - ANSWER bones that are longer than they are wide, arms and legs
Short Bones - ANSWER bones of the wrist and ankles
Flat Bones - ANSWER These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the
ribs, breastbone, and skull.
Irregular Bones - ANSWER bones of the vertebrae and face
Fibrous Joints - ANSWER consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue,
holds the bones tightly together. Immovable. Sutures, Gomphoses, Syndesmoses.
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses - ANSWER three types of fibrous joints
Sutures - ANSWER immovable joints of the skull
Gomphoses - ANSWER Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
Fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament
,Syndesmoses - ANSWER Joint in which two bones are bound only by ligaments
Cartilaginous Joints - ANSWER allow only slight movement and consist of bones
connected entirely by cartilage. Synchondroses, Symphesis.
Synchondroses - ANSWER a joint in which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage
Symphesis - ANSWER Bones cover with hyaline cartilage that is fused to a middle
plate of fibrocartilage
Amphiarthroses
Synovial Joints - ANSWER freely movable joints. Ball and socket, hinge, saddle,
gliding, ellipsoid, pivot
Ball and socket joint - ANSWER shoulder and hip
Hinge Joint - ANSWER Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits
motion in only one plane
Saddle Joint - ANSWER type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows
grasping and rotation
Gliding (Plane) Joint - ANSWER nonaxial; occurs when two flat articulating bones
slide over one another in one plane motion
Ellipsoid (Condylar) Joint - ANSWER allows flexion, extension, abduction and
adduction (wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joints)
, Pivot Joint - ANSWER rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection
between radius/ulna and humerus
Axial Skeleton - ANSWER Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic Cage
Cranium - ANSWER skull
Fascial Bones - ANSWER
Vertebral Column - ANSWER cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
Thoracic Cage - ANSWER Sternum & Ribs
Appendicular Skeleton - ANSWER Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are
attached to the axial skeleton
Pectoral Girdle - ANSWER Clavicle & Scapulae
The Upper Limb - ANSWER humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Pelvic Girdle - ANSWER ilium, ischium, pubis
The Lower Limb - ANSWER femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
ASIS - ANSWER anterior superior iliac spine
2025 – ANATOMY-Questions and
Answers
Long Bones - ANSWER bones that are longer than they are wide, arms and legs
Short Bones - ANSWER bones of the wrist and ankles
Flat Bones - ANSWER These bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the
ribs, breastbone, and skull.
Irregular Bones - ANSWER bones of the vertebrae and face
Fibrous Joints - ANSWER consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue,
holds the bones tightly together. Immovable. Sutures, Gomphoses, Syndesmoses.
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses - ANSWER three types of fibrous joints
Sutures - ANSWER immovable joints of the skull
Gomphoses - ANSWER Peg-in-socket joints of teeth in alveolar sockets
Fibrous connection is the periodontal ligament
,Syndesmoses - ANSWER Joint in which two bones are bound only by ligaments
Cartilaginous Joints - ANSWER allow only slight movement and consist of bones
connected entirely by cartilage. Synchondroses, Symphesis.
Synchondroses - ANSWER a joint in which the bones are united by hyaline cartilage
Symphesis - ANSWER Bones cover with hyaline cartilage that is fused to a middle
plate of fibrocartilage
Amphiarthroses
Synovial Joints - ANSWER freely movable joints. Ball and socket, hinge, saddle,
gliding, ellipsoid, pivot
Ball and socket joint - ANSWER shoulder and hip
Hinge Joint - ANSWER Joint between bones (as at the elbow or knee) that permits
motion in only one plane
Saddle Joint - ANSWER type of joint found at the base of each thumb; allows
grasping and rotation
Gliding (Plane) Joint - ANSWER nonaxial; occurs when two flat articulating bones
slide over one another in one plane motion
Ellipsoid (Condylar) Joint - ANSWER allows flexion, extension, abduction and
adduction (wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joints)
, Pivot Joint - ANSWER rotating bone turns around an axis; i.e. connection
between radius/ulna and humerus
Axial Skeleton - ANSWER Skull, Vertebral Column, Thoracic Cage
Cranium - ANSWER skull
Fascial Bones - ANSWER
Vertebral Column - ANSWER cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
Thoracic Cage - ANSWER Sternum & Ribs
Appendicular Skeleton - ANSWER Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are
attached to the axial skeleton
Pectoral Girdle - ANSWER Clavicle & Scapulae
The Upper Limb - ANSWER humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Pelvic Girdle - ANSWER ilium, ischium, pubis
The Lower Limb - ANSWER femur, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
ASIS - ANSWER anterior superior iliac spine
