9th Grade Biology EOC Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Ecology - ✔✔The study of the interactions of living things
with other living things (biotic factors)
with their environment (abiotic factors)
Abiotic - ✔✔all the non-living parts of an organism's environment
examples: air, water, light
Biotic - ✔✔all the living organisms that inhabit and an enviorment
Hierarchy of LIfe - ✔✔Biosphere
Biome
Exosystem
Community
Population
Organism (simplest)
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,Biosphere - ✔✔Combined areas of the earth where life exists
Species - ✔✔structurally similar organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Population - ✔✔all members of a species in a given area
Community - ✔✔all living things in a given area
Ecosystem - ✔✔all living and nonliving things in a given area
Biome - ✔✔group of ecosystems having the same climate and dominant communities
Niche - ✔✔all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment
Habitat - ✔✔address of organism (where it lives)
Community interactions - ✔✔Competition
Predation
Symbiotic Relationships
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
Competition - ✔✔results from niche overlap
may result from lack of food, water, mate, habitat
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,greatests differences usually occur where there is the most overlap; resource
partitioning may occur
competitive exclusion may occur: one species is eliminated
Mutualism - ✔✔Cooperative relationship where both species benefit
Commensalism - ✔✔One individual benefits
One individual is not affected
Often times after scientists have researched the relationship, these relationships may be
reclassified as mutualism
Parasitism - ✔✔One individual is helped
One individual is harmed
Can be ectoparasites (outside host ex: tick)
Can be endoparasites (inside host ex: bacteria)
Hosts have evolved defenses: skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system
So parasites have evolved to compensate: tegument, anticoagulants
Autotrophs (producers) - ✔✔*Photosynthesis* - using light energy to produce
carbohydrates
*Chemosynthesis* - using chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
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, Heterotrophs (consumers) - ✔✔cannot produce their food - must consume other living
things
Berbivores - feed on plants
Carnivores - feed on animals
Omnivores - feed on plants and animals
Decomposers - feed on dead plants and animals
Energy Flow Through and Ecosystem - ✔✔the sun --> producers --> consumers
energy flows in one direction
Trophic Level - ✔✔each step in a food chain or food web
indicates an organism's position in the sequence of energy transfers
Energy Pyramid - ✔✔shows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic
level
only about 10% of the energy available at each level is transferred to the next
about 90% percent at each level is lost as heat
Ecological Pyramid - ✔✔used to represent the relative amounts of energy or matter
contained within each trophic level
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Ecology - ✔✔The study of the interactions of living things
with other living things (biotic factors)
with their environment (abiotic factors)
Abiotic - ✔✔all the non-living parts of an organism's environment
examples: air, water, light
Biotic - ✔✔all the living organisms that inhabit and an enviorment
Hierarchy of LIfe - ✔✔Biosphere
Biome
Exosystem
Community
Population
Organism (simplest)
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Biosphere - ✔✔Combined areas of the earth where life exists
Species - ✔✔structurally similar organisms that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Population - ✔✔all members of a species in a given area
Community - ✔✔all living things in a given area
Ecosystem - ✔✔all living and nonliving things in a given area
Biome - ✔✔group of ecosystems having the same climate and dominant communities
Niche - ✔✔all strategies and adaptations a species uses in its environment
Habitat - ✔✔address of organism (where it lives)
Community interactions - ✔✔Competition
Predation
Symbiotic Relationships
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
Competition - ✔✔results from niche overlap
may result from lack of food, water, mate, habitat
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,greatests differences usually occur where there is the most overlap; resource
partitioning may occur
competitive exclusion may occur: one species is eliminated
Mutualism - ✔✔Cooperative relationship where both species benefit
Commensalism - ✔✔One individual benefits
One individual is not affected
Often times after scientists have researched the relationship, these relationships may be
reclassified as mutualism
Parasitism - ✔✔One individual is helped
One individual is harmed
Can be ectoparasites (outside host ex: tick)
Can be endoparasites (inside host ex: bacteria)
Hosts have evolved defenses: skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system
So parasites have evolved to compensate: tegument, anticoagulants
Autotrophs (producers) - ✔✔*Photosynthesis* - using light energy to produce
carbohydrates
*Chemosynthesis* - using chemical energy to produce carbohydrates
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, Heterotrophs (consumers) - ✔✔cannot produce their food - must consume other living
things
Berbivores - feed on plants
Carnivores - feed on animals
Omnivores - feed on plants and animals
Decomposers - feed on dead plants and animals
Energy Flow Through and Ecosystem - ✔✔the sun --> producers --> consumers
energy flows in one direction
Trophic Level - ✔✔each step in a food chain or food web
indicates an organism's position in the sequence of energy transfers
Energy Pyramid - ✔✔shows the relative amount of energy available at each trophic
level
only about 10% of the energy available at each level is transferred to the next
about 90% percent at each level is lost as heat
Ecological Pyramid - ✔✔used to represent the relative amounts of energy or matter
contained within each trophic level
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