Biology EOC Review Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
activation energy - ✔✔energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
active transport - ✔✔movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be
expended by the cell
adaptation - ✔✔inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
allele - ✔✔the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid - ✔✔basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - ✔✔structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but
are similar in form or function
anaphase - ✔✔the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate
and move toward opposite poles
antibiotic - ✔✔compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
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,antibody - ✔✔a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen
that has entered the body
antigen - ✔✔substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea - ✔✔domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
ATP - ✔✔a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph - ✔✔organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it
to produce its own food; also called a producer
bacteria - ✔✔domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - ✔✔virus that infects bacteria
base deletion - ✔✔mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have
a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion - ✔✔mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene;
have a major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - ✔✔a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its
partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
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, behavioral adaptation - ✔✔an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like
escaping from predators or find a mate
binary fission - ✔✔asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into
two identical cells
fetus - ✔✔an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development
showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fever - ✔✔a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - ✔✔the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific
environment
food chain - ✔✔a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being
eaten
food web - ✔✔a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an
ecosystem
fossil - ✔✔the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past
geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete - ✔✔egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid),
one from each homologous pair
gene - ✔✔sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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and Answers 100% Pass
activation energy - ✔✔energy needed to start a chemical reaction; lowered by enzymes
active transport - ✔✔movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be
expended by the cell
adaptation - ✔✔inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival
allele - ✔✔the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or recessive
amino acid - ✔✔basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - ✔✔structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but
are similar in form or function
anaphase - ✔✔the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate
and move toward opposite poles
antibiotic - ✔✔compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,antibody - ✔✔a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates a pathogen
that has entered the body
antigen - ✔✔substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the production of an antibody
archaea - ✔✔domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls that do not contain
peptidoglycan
ATP - ✔✔a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph - ✔✔organism that can capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it
to produce its own food; also called a producer
bacteria - ✔✔domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls containing
peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - ✔✔virus that infects bacteria
base deletion - ✔✔mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide pairs in a gene; have
a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion - ✔✔mutation which results in the addition of nucleotide pairs in a gene;
have a major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - ✔✔a type of point mutation where one nucleotide and its
partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
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, behavioral adaptation - ✔✔an inherited behavior that helps an organism survive; like
escaping from predators or find a mate
binary fission - ✔✔asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one cell divides into
two identical cells
fetus - ✔✔an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of development
showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fever - ✔✔a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - ✔✔the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific
environment
food chain - ✔✔a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being
eaten
food web - ✔✔a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an
ecosystem
fossil - ✔✔the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that existed in a past
geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete - ✔✔egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of chromosomes (haploid),
one from each homologous pair
gene - ✔✔sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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