Biology EOC Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
Activation Energy - ✔✔amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Amino Acid - ✔✔Bounded by peptide bonds; monomer of a protein
Carbohydrate - ✔✔(monosaccharides) main source of energy for the cell; 1 gram = 4
calories
Catalyst - ✔✔used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction
Enzyme - ✔✔Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a substrate
Lipid - ✔✔(1 glycerol = 3 fatty acids) used for long term energy storage, make up the
phospholipid bilayer; 1 gram = 9 calories
Monosaccharide - ✔✔simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose and sucrose)
Nucleic Acids - ✔✔Made of nucleotides, function is to store genetic information which
can be seen in DNA and RNA
Organic Molecule - ✔✔bounded molecules made of carbon
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,Protein - ✔✔(amino acids) referred to as the building blocks
Cell Theory - ✔✔All living things are made of cells; Cells come from other cells; Cells
are the basic structure and function of an organism
Differentiation - ✔✔How cells (stem cells) get their jobs
Eukaryote - ✔✔Cells that have a nucleus, large, complex (Ex. Plants and Animals)
Multicellular Organisms - ✔✔Organisms composed of many cells (Ex. tissue, humans,
etc.)
Organelles - ✔✔Small structures that perform various functions for the cell (reside
within the cytoplasm)
Prokaryote - ✔✔Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (Ex. Bacteria)
Stem Cells - ✔✔Undifferentiated cells
Unicellular Organism - ✔✔Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex. Bacteria)
Passive Transport - ✔✔No energy required; transport of small and medium materials
across the plasma membrane (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion - ✔✔No energy required; transports molecules from high to low
concentrations in order to even them out (for small materials)
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, Osmosis - ✔✔No energy required; transports WATER from high to low concentrations
in order to even them out
Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔"Semi-active" uses transport proteins to help move material
across the plasma membrane, but still doesn't require energy
Homeostasis - ✔✔Internal condition is balanced
Active Transport - ✔✔Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets molecules across
the cell through pumps and vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)
Pumps - ✔✔Molecules are "pumped" by a transport protein to get across the membrane,
requiring energy
Vesicles - ✔✔Used when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, even
with the help of a transport protein
Endocytosis - ✔✔Large molecules going INTO the cell
Exocytosis - ✔✔Large molecules going OUT of the cell
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔Drives diffusion; moves from left to right
Nucleus - ✔✔Only in eukaryotic cells, holds DNA
Mitochondria - ✔✔Makes ATP, (Power house of the cell); Where Cellular Respiration
occurs
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Answers 100% Pass
Activation Energy - ✔✔amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Amino Acid - ✔✔Bounded by peptide bonds; monomer of a protein
Carbohydrate - ✔✔(monosaccharides) main source of energy for the cell; 1 gram = 4
calories
Catalyst - ✔✔used in enzymes to lower the activation energy and speed up the reaction
Enzyme - ✔✔Protein and Catalyst; have an active site and a substrate
Lipid - ✔✔(1 glycerol = 3 fatty acids) used for long term energy storage, make up the
phospholipid bilayer; 1 gram = 9 calories
Monosaccharide - ✔✔simple sugars, monomer for carbs (glucose and sucrose)
Nucleic Acids - ✔✔Made of nucleotides, function is to store genetic information which
can be seen in DNA and RNA
Organic Molecule - ✔✔bounded molecules made of carbon
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,Protein - ✔✔(amino acids) referred to as the building blocks
Cell Theory - ✔✔All living things are made of cells; Cells come from other cells; Cells
are the basic structure and function of an organism
Differentiation - ✔✔How cells (stem cells) get their jobs
Eukaryote - ✔✔Cells that have a nucleus, large, complex (Ex. Plants and Animals)
Multicellular Organisms - ✔✔Organisms composed of many cells (Ex. tissue, humans,
etc.)
Organelles - ✔✔Small structures that perform various functions for the cell (reside
within the cytoplasm)
Prokaryote - ✔✔Cells with no nucleus, small, simple (Ex. Bacteria)
Stem Cells - ✔✔Undifferentiated cells
Unicellular Organism - ✔✔Organisms composed of only one cell (Ex. Bacteria)
Passive Transport - ✔✔No energy required; transport of small and medium materials
across the plasma membrane (Osmosis, Diffusion, and Facilitated Diffusion)
Diffusion - ✔✔No energy required; transports molecules from high to low
concentrations in order to even them out (for small materials)
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, Osmosis - ✔✔No energy required; transports WATER from high to low concentrations
in order to even them out
Facilitated Diffusion - ✔✔"Semi-active" uses transport proteins to help move material
across the plasma membrane, but still doesn't require energy
Homeostasis - ✔✔Internal condition is balanced
Active Transport - ✔✔Requires energy (ATP) for large molecules. Gets molecules across
the cell through pumps and vesicles (endocytosis and exocytosis)
Pumps - ✔✔Molecules are "pumped" by a transport protein to get across the membrane,
requiring energy
Vesicles - ✔✔Used when molecules are too large to pass through the membrane, even
with the help of a transport protein
Endocytosis - ✔✔Large molecules going INTO the cell
Exocytosis - ✔✔Large molecules going OUT of the cell
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔Drives diffusion; moves from left to right
Nucleus - ✔✔Only in eukaryotic cells, holds DNA
Mitochondria - ✔✔Makes ATP, (Power house of the cell); Where Cellular Respiration
occurs
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