Biology EOC Vocabulary Review Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Abiotic - ✔✔of or relating to nonliving things
Accurate - ✔✔correct
Acid - ✔✔compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution a solution with a pH of
less than 7
Active Transport - ✔✔the movement of molecules or ions against a concentration
gradient, that is, from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration, and
therefore requiring energy
Activation Energy - ✔✔energy that is needed to get a reaction started
Adaptation - ✔✔any feature or behavior that enables an organism to survive and
reproduce in its environment
Adaptive Radiation - ✔✔a process by which different species develop from a common
ancestor because different groups of the offspring are adapted for different
environments
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,Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ✔✔the molecule that carries the energy produced by
respiration in its third, high-energy phosphate bond; used by cells to provide energy
necessary for chemical reactions
Aerobic - ✔✔relating to a reaction that requires the presence of oxygen
Allele - ✔✔one of the different forms in which a gene can occur; there are at least two
alleles for every trait
Amino Acid - ✔✔any of the organic acids that are the chief component of proteins,
either manufactured by cells or ingested by the organism
Anabolism - ✔✔the production, storage, and transport of materials inside cells that the
organism needs to survive
Anaerobic - ✔✔relating to a reaction that can occur without the presence of oxygen
Analogous Structures - ✔✔physical features possessed by different specise that are
similar in function, but that are not related in development or evolutionary origin
Anaphase - ✔✔the third phase in mitosis, during which the chromatids separate and
move toward opposite centrioles
Animalia - ✔✔a kingdom of multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, most of which can
move about freely at some point in their life cycle
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,Anticodon - ✔✔a sequence of three nucleotide bases on a molecule of transfer RNA
(tRNA) that corresponse to a complementary sequence of three nucleotide bases on a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule
Asexual Reproduction - ✔✔reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes;
organisms that reproduce in this manner are genetically identical to their progeny
ATP Synthase - ✔✔an enzyme that allows protons to pass through a membrane and, in
doing so, extracts enough energy to attach a phophate to an ADP molecule, producting
ATP
Autosomal Chromosome - ✔✔any of the non-sex chromosomes
Autotroph - ✔✔an organism that produces its own food, including photosynthetic
organisms such as green plants and photoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms such
as sulfur bacteria
Auxin - ✔✔a plant hormone that causes elongation on one side of a plant, so part of the
plant may bend toward or away from a stimulus
Balance - ✔✔a tool used for measuring mass or weight that uses a counterweights of
known values for comparison
Behavioral Adaptation - ✔✔an inherited behavior, such as feeding, mating, breeding, or
migrating, that helps it survive in its environment
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, Bias - ✔✔a perspective that affects the way in which people interpret events and form
beliefs
Bilateral Symmetry - ✔✔a body plan in which the right and left sides of the animal are
symmetrical
Binary Fission - ✔✔a type of asexual reproduction used by bacteria in which the cell is
split into two identical cells through a process of elongation
Binomial Nomenclature - ✔✔a system of classification in which an organism is given a
two-word scientific name in Latin designating its genus and species
Biodiversity - ✔✔the variety and number of organisms on Earth
Biogenesis - ✔✔the theory that organisms can arise only from other organisms
Biomass - ✔✔the total mass (with water removed) of living organisms within a given
trophic level
Biotechnology - ✔✔the use or alteration of organisms to serve human needs
Bioterrorism - ✔✔the use of biological agents to terrorize, injure, or kill groups of
people
Biotic - ✔✔of or relating to living things
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Abiotic - ✔✔of or relating to nonliving things
Accurate - ✔✔correct
Acid - ✔✔compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution a solution with a pH of
less than 7
Active Transport - ✔✔the movement of molecules or ions against a concentration
gradient, that is, from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration, and
therefore requiring energy
Activation Energy - ✔✔energy that is needed to get a reaction started
Adaptation - ✔✔any feature or behavior that enables an organism to survive and
reproduce in its environment
Adaptive Radiation - ✔✔a process by which different species develop from a common
ancestor because different groups of the offspring are adapted for different
environments
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,Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - ✔✔the molecule that carries the energy produced by
respiration in its third, high-energy phosphate bond; used by cells to provide energy
necessary for chemical reactions
Aerobic - ✔✔relating to a reaction that requires the presence of oxygen
Allele - ✔✔one of the different forms in which a gene can occur; there are at least two
alleles for every trait
Amino Acid - ✔✔any of the organic acids that are the chief component of proteins,
either manufactured by cells or ingested by the organism
Anabolism - ✔✔the production, storage, and transport of materials inside cells that the
organism needs to survive
Anaerobic - ✔✔relating to a reaction that can occur without the presence of oxygen
Analogous Structures - ✔✔physical features possessed by different specise that are
similar in function, but that are not related in development or evolutionary origin
Anaphase - ✔✔the third phase in mitosis, during which the chromatids separate and
move toward opposite centrioles
Animalia - ✔✔a kingdom of multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, most of which can
move about freely at some point in their life cycle
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,Anticodon - ✔✔a sequence of three nucleotide bases on a molecule of transfer RNA
(tRNA) that corresponse to a complementary sequence of three nucleotide bases on a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule
Asexual Reproduction - ✔✔reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes;
organisms that reproduce in this manner are genetically identical to their progeny
ATP Synthase - ✔✔an enzyme that allows protons to pass through a membrane and, in
doing so, extracts enough energy to attach a phophate to an ADP molecule, producting
ATP
Autosomal Chromosome - ✔✔any of the non-sex chromosomes
Autotroph - ✔✔an organism that produces its own food, including photosynthetic
organisms such as green plants and photoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms such
as sulfur bacteria
Auxin - ✔✔a plant hormone that causes elongation on one side of a plant, so part of the
plant may bend toward or away from a stimulus
Balance - ✔✔a tool used for measuring mass or weight that uses a counterweights of
known values for comparison
Behavioral Adaptation - ✔✔an inherited behavior, such as feeding, mating, breeding, or
migrating, that helps it survive in its environment
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, Bias - ✔✔a perspective that affects the way in which people interpret events and form
beliefs
Bilateral Symmetry - ✔✔a body plan in which the right and left sides of the animal are
symmetrical
Binary Fission - ✔✔a type of asexual reproduction used by bacteria in which the cell is
split into two identical cells through a process of elongation
Binomial Nomenclature - ✔✔a system of classification in which an organism is given a
two-word scientific name in Latin designating its genus and species
Biodiversity - ✔✔the variety and number of organisms on Earth
Biogenesis - ✔✔the theory that organisms can arise only from other organisms
Biomass - ✔✔the total mass (with water removed) of living organisms within a given
trophic level
Biotechnology - ✔✔the use or alteration of organisms to serve human needs
Bioterrorism - ✔✔the use of biological agents to terrorize, injure, or kill groups of
people
Biotic - ✔✔of or relating to living things
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