Final Review for NC Biology EOC Exam
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Photosynthesis - ✔✔carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
Prokaryotes - ✔✔cells with NO nucleus or membrane bound organelles; ex. BACTERIA
Eukaryotes - ✔✔organisms with cells that have membrane bound organelles; ex. plants,
animals, fungi, protists
Cells - ✔✔contais cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - ✔✔organelle that controls cell activity and contains the DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - ✔✔where proteins are made
Mitochondria - ✔✔where cellular respiration takes place and energy (ATP) is produced
Chloroplasts - ✔✔where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - ✔✔found only in plant & fungi cells; functions as support & protection for
the cell
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,Vacuole - ✔✔provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell and assists with
movement of water in/out of protists
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔surrounds ALL cells and maintains homeostasis by controlling
what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - ✔✔the double layer of lipids and proteins that make up the
plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔all things freely move from higher to lower concentrations
Diffusion - ✔✔passive transport where particles move with the concentration gradient
& DOES NOT require energy
Passive transport - ✔✔particles moving across a membrane without the use of energy
(high to low); i.e. DIFFUSION
ATP - ✔✔where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - ✔✔cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - ✔✔organisms or individual cells maintaining balance in order to survive
Mitosis - ✔✔Cell division producing two identical cells (2n)
Cytokinesis - ✔✔the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2 separate cells are
created
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, Cell Cycle - ✔✔G1, S phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Phases of Mitosis - ✔✔Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
Differentiation - ✔✔Process where cells develop to specific function and structure; i.e.
blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell
Organic Compounds - ✔✔contain carbon, C, and make up all living things
Proteins - ✔✔made of AMINO ACIDS and are used to build tissue, repair cells, &
control metabolism
Carbohydrates - ✔✔made of monosaccharides and are used to provide ENERGY for
organisms
Lipids - ✔✔made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation and energy
storage
Enzymes - ✔✔PROTEINS that increase the rate of a reaction (catalysts) by lowering the
energy of activation
Enzymes - ✔✔reusable molecules but can become unusable if the shape is changed -
denatured by temperature of pH
Nucleic Acids - ✔✔made of nucleotides and are used for the production of proteins and
carry genetic information
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Photosynthesis - ✔✔carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
Prokaryotes - ✔✔cells with NO nucleus or membrane bound organelles; ex. BACTERIA
Eukaryotes - ✔✔organisms with cells that have membrane bound organelles; ex. plants,
animals, fungi, protists
Cells - ✔✔contais cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - ✔✔organelle that controls cell activity and contains the DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - ✔✔where proteins are made
Mitochondria - ✔✔where cellular respiration takes place and energy (ATP) is produced
Chloroplasts - ✔✔where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - ✔✔found only in plant & fungi cells; functions as support & protection for
the cell
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,Vacuole - ✔✔provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell and assists with
movement of water in/out of protists
Plasma Membrane - ✔✔surrounds ALL cells and maintains homeostasis by controlling
what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - ✔✔the double layer of lipids and proteins that make up the
plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - ✔✔all things freely move from higher to lower concentrations
Diffusion - ✔✔passive transport where particles move with the concentration gradient
& DOES NOT require energy
Passive transport - ✔✔particles moving across a membrane without the use of energy
(high to low); i.e. DIFFUSION
ATP - ✔✔where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - ✔✔cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - ✔✔organisms or individual cells maintaining balance in order to survive
Mitosis - ✔✔Cell division producing two identical cells (2n)
Cytokinesis - ✔✔the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2 separate cells are
created
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, Cell Cycle - ✔✔G1, S phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
Phases of Mitosis - ✔✔Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (PMAT)
Differentiation - ✔✔Process where cells develop to specific function and structure; i.e.
blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell
Organic Compounds - ✔✔contain carbon, C, and make up all living things
Proteins - ✔✔made of AMINO ACIDS and are used to build tissue, repair cells, &
control metabolism
Carbohydrates - ✔✔made of monosaccharides and are used to provide ENERGY for
organisms
Lipids - ✔✔made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation and energy
storage
Enzymes - ✔✔PROTEINS that increase the rate of a reaction (catalysts) by lowering the
energy of activation
Enzymes - ✔✔reusable molecules but can become unusable if the shape is changed -
denatured by temperature of pH
Nucleic Acids - ✔✔made of nucleotides and are used for the production of proteins and
carry genetic information
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