Georgia Biology EOC Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Existing cells - ✔✔Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - ✔✔The maximum population of a particular organism that a given
environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - ✔✔a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with
another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - ✔✔the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes
cleavage.
Embryo - ✔✔the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early
stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square - ✔✔a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their
possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic
cross
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,Phenotype - ✔✔The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental
influences.
Genotype - ✔✔the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with
reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - ✔✔any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are
responsible for hereditary variation.
Homozygous - ✔✔having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary
characteristics
Heterozygous - ✔✔having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
Dominant Trait - ✔✔a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents
contributes it
Recessive Trait - ✔✔a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to appear
in the offspring
Nondisjunction - ✔✔the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into
daughter cells at division
Mutation - ✔✔a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable
characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
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, Genetic Engineering - ✔✔the development and application of scientific methods,
procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in
order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - ✔✔DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been
inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or
from another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - ✔✔The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template
resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
Replication - ✔✔the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA
molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation - ✔✔The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the
production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being
controlled by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - ✔✔the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
Producer - ✔✔An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other
organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through
photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
into food through chemosynthesis
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and Answers 100% Pass
Existing cells - ✔✔Where do all cells come from?
Carrying Capacity - ✔✔The maximum population of a particular organism that a given
environment can support without detrimental effects
Gamete - ✔✔a mature sexual reproductive cell, as a sperm or egg, that unites with
another cell to form a new organism.
Zygote - ✔✔the cell produced by the union of two gametes, before it undergoes
cleavage.
Embryo - ✔✔the young of a viviparous animal, especially of a mammal, in the early
stages of development within the womb, in humans up to the end of the second month
Punnett Square - ✔✔a type of grid used to show the gametes of each parent and their
possible offspring; a type of grid that can indicate all the possible outcomes of a genetic
cross
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Phenotype - ✔✔The expression of a specific trait based on genetic and environmental
influences.
Genotype - ✔✔the genetic makeup of an organism or group of organisms with
reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of traits.
Allele - ✔✔any of several forms of a gene, usually arising through mutation, that are
responsible for hereditary variation.
Homozygous - ✔✔having identical pairs of genes for any given pair of hereditary
characteristics
Heterozygous - ✔✔having dissimilar pairs of genes for any hereditary characteristic
Dominant Trait - ✔✔a trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents
contributes it
Recessive Trait - ✔✔a trait that mustt be contributed by both parents in order to appear
in the offspring
Nondisjunction - ✔✔the failure of chromosomes to separate and segregate into
daughter cells at division
Mutation - ✔✔a sudden change different than the parent type in one or more heritable
characteristics, caused by a change in a gene or a chromosome
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, Genetic Engineering - ✔✔the development and application of scientific methods,
procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in
order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population
Recombinant DNA - ✔✔DNA in which one or more segments or genes have been
inserted, either naturally or by laboratory manipulation, from a different molecule or
from another part of the same molecule, resulting in a new genetic combination
Transcription - ✔✔The process by which mRNA is synthesized from a DNA template
resulting in the transfer of genetic information from the DNA molecule to mRNA
Replication - ✔✔the process by which exact copies of complex molecules, such as DNA
molecules, that occurs during growth of living organisms
Traslation - ✔✔The process by which mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes effect the
production of a protein molecule from amino acids, the specificity of synthesis being
controlled by the base sequences of the mRNA
Ecosystem - ✔✔the interaction of a community of organisms with their environment
Producer - ✔✔An autotrophic organism that serves as a source of food for other
organisms in a food chain. Producers include green plants, which produce food through
photosynthesis, and certain bacteria that are capable of converting inorganic substances
into food through chemosynthesis
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