NU 578 UNIT 1 EXAM
Schedule I
Drugs in this schedule have no accepted medical use in the United States and have a
high abuse potential.
-Examples are heroin, marijuana, LSD, peyote, etc.
Schedule II
Drugs in this schedule have a high abuse potential with severe psychic or physical
dependence liability. Included are certain narcotic analgesics, stimulants, and
depressant drugs.
-Examples are opium, morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine,
oxycodone, anileridine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine,
methylphenidate, amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, methaqualone, and
phencyclidine.
Schedule III
Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those in Schedules I and II
and include compounds containing limited quantities of certain narcotic analgesic
drugs, and other drugs such as barbiturates, glutethimide, methyprylon, and
chlorphentemine.
-Any suppository dosage form containing amobarbital, secobarbital, or pentobarbital
is in this schedule.
,Schedule IV
Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those listed in Schedule III
and include such drugs as barbital, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, ethchlorvynol,
meprobabmate, chlordizepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam, chloroazepate, flurazepam,
etc.
Schedule V
Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those listed in Schedule IV
and consist primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotic
analgesic drugs used for antitussive and antidiarrheal purposes.
Absorption
Process of drug movement from its site of administration into the blood
Most common mechanism for drug absorption
passive diffusion
First-pass effect
(presystemic metabolism)
,Rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs
-drug is metabolized (chemically altered) as it passes through either 1) gut wall, and
2) liver.
Distribution
drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and from there into
cells
Barriers to distribution
- Blood brain barrier
- Placenta
Physiologic Factors Affecting Distribution
- Perfusion
- Binding of drug to plasma protein
- Specialized Distribution Barriers
Albumin
Binds acidic drugs
, Protein (albumin) binding
Prevents bound drug molecules from leaving the bloodstream
-Prolongs the distribution phase (Increases half-life)
Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
Binds basic drugs
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
no intercellular pores between brain capillary endothelial membranes due to the
presence of tight junctions between cells
To gain access to the brain from the capillaries, drugs must
1) diffuse across cells (lipid-soluble, nonionized form)
or
2) or be actively transported by a carrier
Placental Barrier
Schedule I
Drugs in this schedule have no accepted medical use in the United States and have a
high abuse potential.
-Examples are heroin, marijuana, LSD, peyote, etc.
Schedule II
Drugs in this schedule have a high abuse potential with severe psychic or physical
dependence liability. Included are certain narcotic analgesics, stimulants, and
depressant drugs.
-Examples are opium, morphine, codeine, hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine,
oxycodone, anileridine, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, phenmetrazine,
methylphenidate, amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, methaqualone, and
phencyclidine.
Schedule III
Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those in Schedules I and II
and include compounds containing limited quantities of certain narcotic analgesic
drugs, and other drugs such as barbiturates, glutethimide, methyprylon, and
chlorphentemine.
-Any suppository dosage form containing amobarbital, secobarbital, or pentobarbital
is in this schedule.
,Schedule IV
Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those listed in Schedule III
and include such drugs as barbital, phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, ethchlorvynol,
meprobabmate, chlordizepoxide, diazepam, oxazepam, chloroazepate, flurazepam,
etc.
Schedule V
Drugs in this schedule have an abuse potential less than those listed in Schedule IV
and consist primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotic
analgesic drugs used for antitussive and antidiarrheal purposes.
Absorption
Process of drug movement from its site of administration into the blood
Most common mechanism for drug absorption
passive diffusion
First-pass effect
(presystemic metabolism)
,Rapid hepatic inactivation of certain oral drugs
-drug is metabolized (chemically altered) as it passes through either 1) gut wall, and
2) liver.
Distribution
drug movement from the blood to the interstitial space of tissues and from there into
cells
Barriers to distribution
- Blood brain barrier
- Placenta
Physiologic Factors Affecting Distribution
- Perfusion
- Binding of drug to plasma protein
- Specialized Distribution Barriers
Albumin
Binds acidic drugs
, Protein (albumin) binding
Prevents bound drug molecules from leaving the bloodstream
-Prolongs the distribution phase (Increases half-life)
Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein
Binds basic drugs
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB)
no intercellular pores between brain capillary endothelial membranes due to the
presence of tight junctions between cells
To gain access to the brain from the capillaries, drugs must
1) diffuse across cells (lipid-soluble, nonionized form)
or
2) or be actively transported by a carrier
Placental Barrier
