SCI Forensics Photography – Exam 2.
True or False: In order to produce high-quality photographs, you must have access to high-end cameras
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and equipment. - ANS >> FALSE
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What does composition mean to you in terms of photography? - ANS >> Compostition in the terms of
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photography means to specifically choose certain elements to photograph to gather evidence during a
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crime scene.
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What are the four issues a photographer should address before taking a photograph? - ANS >> Four
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issues that a photographer should address are finding the primary subject to photograph, determing the
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exposure to photograph, getting an proper focus on the image and determing the best lighting to use for
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the photograph.
J J
Why is there more than just one "correct" exposure? When would a photographer want to take a photo
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that is "incorrectly" exposed? - ANS >> There can be certain objects that need different lighting than
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other objects, such as a rifle. With a rifle there needs to be "correct" exposure to be able to get details
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
such as the seriel number or any ingravings. Additionally, if there is an object that has a reflective surface,
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such as a blade, you would want the exposue "incorrect" so there is no glare on the object.
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List the three cardinal rules - ANS >> The three cardinal rules are to fill the frame with an object, to
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maximaize the depth of field so the image turns out well and lastly is to keep the camera parallel to the
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
object to properly record the evidence.
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In order to properly fill the frame, the photographer must get _____ to the subject, which puts as many
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as the camera's ______ over the subject as possible. - ANS >> 1. Close 2. Digital Pixels
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How is camera orientation (horizontal or vertical) important to filling the frame? - ANS >> Camera
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orientation is essential because if the object is long horizontally and short vertically, that would mean
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there would have to be a different angle used to capture the entire image. If a piece of the object was cut
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out of the image, that could result in a valuable piece of information being lost.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
What does it mean to "eliminate the irrelevant" in a photograph? Why is this important? How can it be
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
accomplished? - ANS >> To "eliminate the irrelevant" means to get rid of the excess in an image, for
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
example if there was a handgun being photographed, it would be a good idea to zoom in enough to
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
capture the entire image while getting rid of the excess.
J J J J J J J J J J
Define foreground and background. - ANS >> Foreground means the area closest to the object that is
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being photographed and the background is what will be behind the image photographed.
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When preparing to take a photograph, you note that your shadow is in the frame. How can you eliminate
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or reduce this? - ANS >> Move to a different area where your shadow will no longer be in the image.
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, What is the difference between a hard shadow and a soft shadow? If one has to be in the photo, which is
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preferred? - ANS >> A hard shadow is the darker part that shows no details and a soft shadow is softer
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but shows some details. It depends on the time and area where the photo is being taken place, such as
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
time, location, weather and season determine which is more effective.
J J J J J J J J J J
What is lens flare? How can this be eliminated? - ANS >> An effective way to eliminate lens flare is to not
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take photographs with the sun directly in front of you.
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Why are macro lenses useful to forensic photography? - ANS >> Macro lenses are useful because it makes
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a small object much larger looking on the photo.
J J J J J J J J J
Define depth of field. - ANS >> Depth of field is the area that will show in foucs.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
What does it mean to "be in focus" in a photograph? - ANS >> To "be in focus" means there is no blur on
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
the subject and be the primary focus of the image.
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Reciprocal Exposure: - ANS >> The smallest lens opening on the camera.
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Hyperfocal Focus: - ANS >> The background is at an infinite, which means there is no stop
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Zone Focus - ANS >> When infinity is no longer in the background, which means there is a stop to the
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background.
J
Prefocus - ANS >> When the image is taken with a macro lens.
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How much of a forensic photograph needs to be in focus? - ANS >> The primary object needs to be in
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focus during a forensic photograph.
J J J J J
What does it mean to "keep the film plane parallel? - ANS >> This means the camera has to be parallel to
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
the subject when photographing.
J J J J
Why is it important to avoided diagonal photographs? - ANS >> Diagonal photograhs can create an issue
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
between the foreground and the background.
J J J J J J
When would the photograph not want to abide by the third cardinal rule? - ANS >> When there is a
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
reflective object that can create a glare or accidentially show the photographer in the image.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
In midrange photographs, what is the film plane held parallel to? Why is this important for this type of
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
photograph specifically? - ANS >> There needs to be an accurate distance between the objects and when
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
both objects are at the same distance from the photographer it can make the image more effective.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
What is the difference between under and over exposed? - ANS >> When a photo is under exposed it
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
means that the photo is too dark due to many different things such as the aperture or the ISO.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Additionally when a photo is over exposed which means the photo is too bright.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
True or False: A positive exposure stop halves the exposure from the previous stop? - ANS >> True
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
True or False: In order to produce high-quality photographs, you must have access to high-end cameras
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
and equipment. - ANS >> FALSE
J J J J J J
What does composition mean to you in terms of photography? - ANS >> Compostition in the terms of
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
photography means to specifically choose certain elements to photograph to gather evidence during a
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
crime scene.
J J
What are the four issues a photographer should address before taking a photograph? - ANS >> Four
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
issues that a photographer should address are finding the primary subject to photograph, determing the
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
exposure to photograph, getting an proper focus on the image and determing the best lighting to use for
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
the photograph.
J J
Why is there more than just one "correct" exposure? When would a photographer want to take a photo
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
that is "incorrectly" exposed? - ANS >> There can be certain objects that need different lighting than
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
other objects, such as a rifle. With a rifle there needs to be "correct" exposure to be able to get details
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
such as the seriel number or any ingravings. Additionally, if there is an object that has a reflective surface,
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
such as a blade, you would want the exposue "incorrect" so there is no glare on the object.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
List the three cardinal rules - ANS >> The three cardinal rules are to fill the frame with an object, to
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
maximaize the depth of field so the image turns out well and lastly is to keep the camera parallel to the
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
object to properly record the evidence.
J J J J J J
In order to properly fill the frame, the photographer must get _____ to the subject, which puts as many
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
as the camera's ______ over the subject as possible. - ANS >> 1. Close 2. Digital Pixels
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
How is camera orientation (horizontal or vertical) important to filling the frame? - ANS >> Camera
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
orientation is essential because if the object is long horizontally and short vertically, that would mean
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
there would have to be a different angle used to capture the entire image. If a piece of the object was cut
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
out of the image, that could result in a valuable piece of information being lost.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
What does it mean to "eliminate the irrelevant" in a photograph? Why is this important? How can it be
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
accomplished? - ANS >> To "eliminate the irrelevant" means to get rid of the excess in an image, for
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
example if there was a handgun being photographed, it would be a good idea to zoom in enough to
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
capture the entire image while getting rid of the excess.
J J J J J J J J J J
Define foreground and background. - ANS >> Foreground means the area closest to the object that is
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
being photographed and the background is what will be behind the image photographed.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J
When preparing to take a photograph, you note that your shadow is in the frame. How can you eliminate
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
or reduce this? - ANS >> Move to a different area where your shadow will no longer be in the image.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
, What is the difference between a hard shadow and a soft shadow? If one has to be in the photo, which is
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
preferred? - ANS >> A hard shadow is the darker part that shows no details and a soft shadow is softer
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
but shows some details. It depends on the time and area where the photo is being taken place, such as
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
time, location, weather and season determine which is more effective.
J J J J J J J J J J
What is lens flare? How can this be eliminated? - ANS >> An effective way to eliminate lens flare is to not
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
take photographs with the sun directly in front of you.
J J J J J J J J J J
Why are macro lenses useful to forensic photography? - ANS >> Macro lenses are useful because it makes
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
a small object much larger looking on the photo.
J J J J J J J J J
Define depth of field. - ANS >> Depth of field is the area that will show in foucs.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
What does it mean to "be in focus" in a photograph? - ANS >> To "be in focus" means there is no blur on
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
the subject and be the primary focus of the image.
J J J J J J J J J J
Reciprocal Exposure: - ANS >> The smallest lens opening on the camera.
J J J J J J J J J J J
Hyperfocal Focus: - ANS >> The background is at an infinite, which means there is no stop
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Zone Focus - ANS >> When infinity is no longer in the background, which means there is a stop to the
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
background.
J
Prefocus - ANS >> When the image is taken with a macro lens.
J J J J J J J J J J J J
How much of a forensic photograph needs to be in focus? - ANS >> The primary object needs to be in
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
focus during a forensic photograph.
J J J J J
What does it mean to "keep the film plane parallel? - ANS >> This means the camera has to be parallel to
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
the subject when photographing.
J J J J
Why is it important to avoided diagonal photographs? - ANS >> Diagonal photograhs can create an issue
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
between the foreground and the background.
J J J J J J
When would the photograph not want to abide by the third cardinal rule? - ANS >> When there is a
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
reflective object that can create a glare or accidentially show the photographer in the image.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
In midrange photographs, what is the film plane held parallel to? Why is this important for this type of
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
photograph specifically? - ANS >> There needs to be an accurate distance between the objects and when
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
both objects are at the same distance from the photographer it can make the image more effective.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
What is the difference between under and over exposed? - ANS >> When a photo is under exposed it
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
means that the photo is too dark due to many different things such as the aperture or the ISO.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
Additionally when a photo is over exposed which means the photo is too bright.
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
True or False: A positive exposure stop halves the exposure from the previous stop? - ANS >> True
J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J
