MSN 570 Advance Patho exam with correct
answers
MI - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of
coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔unstable plaque breaks
off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation.
continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypoxia as
cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔EKG (STEMI) or elevated
Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Release
of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released
from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
,define reperfussion injury - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔injury that occurs after
oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins
triggering inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔RAS causes
impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Essential or idiopathic,
elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of
hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Elevated BP, labile BP;
related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stroke,
ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔volume of blood in ventricles at end of
diastole
what is afterload? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔peripheral resistance against which
the left ventricle must pump
, hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔overwork left ventricle due to
increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔form of
coagulative necrosis; interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and
bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔removing affective tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to
gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔to slow bacterial
damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coagulative
and liquifactive
What is coagulative necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔necrosis caused y
interruption of blood flow l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
what is liquifactive necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Caustic enzymes dissolve
and liquify necrotic cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
answers
MI - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Death of myocardium from sudden blockage of
coronary artery blood flow
What causes cell death in MI? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔unstable plaque breaks
off, triggering platelet aggregation, coagulation cascade and thrombus formation.
continued no blood flow in 10 seconds ischemia, 20 minutes cell die
What consequence of cell death leads to CP? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hypoxia as
cannot meet cell demand for oxygen
How is MI diagnosed - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔EKG (STEMI) or elevated
Troponin (non-STEMI)
What might you find in blood consistent with MI? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔elevated CK MB, Troponin
Where does CK MB and Troponin come from? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Release
of lysosomal enzymes; CK MB detected after myocardial necrosis, Troponin released
from damaged heart muscle
3 mechanism of cell injury related to reperfussion injury - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔ischemia, necrosis, reperfussion l/t RAS
,define reperfussion injury - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔injury that occurs after
oxygen is reintroduced to tissue perfusion
how does inflammatory process contribute to reperfussion injury? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔as oxygen is reintroduced it comes in contact with damaged proteins
triggering inflammatory response
how does oxidative process contribute to RI? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔RAS causes
impairment of cell membrane and pro-apotptoic cells release. making cell unstable
what is primary Hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Essential or idiopathic,
elevated BP without an identified cause, accounts for 90 - 95% of all cases of
hypertension?
what is secondary hypertension? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Elevated BP, labile BP;
related to conditions ie kidney dz; resistant to BP meds
what is significance of Ventricular hypertrophy and HTN? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔persistent hypertension leads to ventricular hypertrophy; decrease CO
what comorbidities/conditions does HTN cause? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔stroke,
ischemia, heart failure, aneurysm, hemorrhage
what is preload? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔volume of blood in ventricles at end of
diastole
what is afterload? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔peripheral resistance against which
the left ventricle must pump
, hoe does HTN l/t CHF? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔overwork left ventricle due to
increase pressure; decreased pumping ability of heart and decreases CO.
identify pathological process of gangrene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔form of
coagulative necrosis; interruption of blood flow l/t denaturing cells enzymes and
bacterial invasion
three types of gangrene - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔dry, wet & gas
what is the major treatment approach for gangrene? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔removing affective tissue to prevent infection; treating problem that led to
gangrene
why use antibiotic for gangrene? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔to slow bacterial
damage
What are the two major necrotic processes? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Coagulative
and liquifactive
What is coagulative necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔necrosis caused y
interruption of blood flow l/t desrease Ph, and bacterial growth
what is liquifactive necrosis? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Caustic enzymes dissolve
and liquify necrotic cell; cottage cheese like appearance.
