TEST BANK for Human Learning
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTERw1
PERSPECTIVESwONwLEARNING
MultiplewChoicewQuestions
Humanwbeingswundoubtedlywlearnwmorewduringwthewcoursewofwawlifetimewt
hanwanywotherwspecieswonwearth.wThewmajorwresultwofwthiswcapacitywtowlearnwis
wthat:
Newwinstinctswbeginwtowemerge.
Humanwthoughtwbecomeswlesswlogicalwwithweachwgeneratio
n.wHumanswcanwbenefitwfromwtheirwexperiences.
Humanswarewthewonlywspecieswwhosewbehaviorwcannotwbewanalyzed
winwtermswofwstimuliwandwresponses.
Threewofwthewfollowingwarewexampleswofwlearning.wWhichwonewiswnot?
Abigailwcrieswwhenwshewstepswonwawsharpwpebble.
Afterwmanywhourswofwheatedwdebate,wBrianwbeginswtowadvoc
atewpoliticalwpracticeswhewhaswpreviouslywopposed.
Carawsuddenlywrecognizeswhowwthewdivisionwfactw―24w’w4w=w6‖wiswrel
atedwtowthewmultiplicationwfactw―6wxw4w=w24.‖
DavidwhaswbeenwrunningwawaywfromwGermanwshepherdsweverwsince
whewwaswbittenwbywawGermanwshepherdwtwow yearswago.
Reyneldawhaswtroublewtracingwawcomplexwshapewwithwawpencilwwhenwshewis
winwkindergarten,wbutwshewcanwdowitwquitewwellwbywthewtimewshewiswinwsecondw
grade.wIswthiswanwinstancewofwlearning?
Yes,wbecausewherwbehaviorwhaswchanged.
No,wbecausewthewcircumstanceswarewtoowdissimilar.
Maybe,walthoughwthewchangewmaywsimplywbewdue
wtowphysiologicalwmaturation.
Maybe,wbutwonlywifwshewiswbeingwreinforcedwforwtracingwaccurately.
2
, Chapterw1 w–
wPerspectives wonwLearning
Threewofwthewfollowingwillustratewvariouswwayswthatwlearningwmightw bewrefle
ctedwinwawperson‘swbehavior.wWhichwonewofwthewfollowingwchangeswdoeswnotwne
cessarilywreflectwlearning?
Althoughwit‘swawschoolwnight,wDeanwplayswvideowgameswuntilwwellwpast
whiswusualwbedtime.wAswhewbecomeswmorewtired,whewfindswitwincreasingl
ywdifficultwtowconcentratewonwwhatwhe‘swdoing.
Evenwaswawyoungwchild,wJerrywcouldwtellwyouwthatwhiswgrandpare
ntswimmigratedwtowthewUnitedwStateswfromwIreland.wButwafterwawc
onversationwwithwhiswgrandmother,whewcanwnowwdescribewthewcir
cumstanceswofwthewfamily‘swimmigrationwinwconsiderablewdetail.
Daywafterwday,wMartinwpracticeswhiswbasketballwskillsw (shooting,wdribbli
ng,wetc.)wonwawbasketballwcourtwatwawlocalwpark.wWithweachwpracticewses
sion,whiswmovementswbecomewfasterwandwsmoother.
Lewiswoccasionallywaskswforwhelpwwhenwhewhaswdifficultywwithwhiswcla
sswork,wbutwmostwofwthewtimewhewjustwstruggleswquietlywonwhiswown.w
Afterwhiswteacherwassureswhimwthatwaskingwforwhelpwiswnotwawsignwofww
eaknessworwinability,whewbeginswaskingwforwhelpwmuchwmorewfrequentl
y.
w researchwexamineswlearningwinwtightlywcontrolledwsettingswand
w researchwexamineswlearningwinwreal-worldwsettings.
Applied;wBasicwBasi
c;wQualitativewQuali
tative;wAppliedwBasi
c;wApplied
Awprinciplewofwlearningwcanwbestwbewcharacterizedwas:
Awdescriptionwofwthewresultswofwawparticularwresearchwstudy
Awstatementwthatwdescribeswhowwawparticularwfactorwaffectswlearning
Thewmeasurementwofwhowwmuchwlearningwhaswoccurredwin
wawparticularwsituation
Anwexplanationwofwthewunderlyingwprocesseswthroughwwhichwlearningwoccurs
Awtheorywofwlearningwcanwbestwbewcharacterizedwas:
Awdescriptionwofwthewresultswofwawparticularwresearchwstudy
Awstatementwthatwdescribeswhowwawparticularwfactorwaffectswlearning
Thewmeasurementwofwhowwmuchwlearningwhaswoccurredwin
wawparticularwsituation
Anwexplanationwofwthewunderlyingwprocesseswthroughwwhichwlearningwoccurs
3
, Chapterw1 w–
wPerspectives wonwLearning
Threewofwthewfollowingwarewprincipleswofwlearning.wWhichwonewiswawtheory
ofwlearningwratherwthanwawprinciple?
Awbehaviorwthatwiswfollowedwbywpunishmentwdecreaseswinwfrequency.
Peoplewlearnwbywmakingwmentalwassociationswbetweenwnewwinformati
onwandwtheirwexistingwknowledge.
Awresponsewthatwiswrewardedweverywtimewitwoccurswincreaseswm
orewrapidlywthanwawresponsewthatwiswonlywoccasionallywrewarded
.
Studentswtendwtowrememberwmorewofwawlecturewifwtheywtakewnoteswo
nwthewlecture‘swcontent.
Whichwonewofwthewfollowingwcommonwsayingswbestwreflectswthewconc
eptwofwintrospection?
―Wherewthere‘swawwill,wthere‘swawway.‖
―Nothingwventured,wnothingwgained.‖
―Awpennywforwyourwthoughts.‖
―Oldwhabitswdiewhard.‖
Whichwonewofwthewfollowingwcommonwsayingswbestwreflectswthewba
sicwpremisewunderlyingwsocialwlearningwtheory?
―Monkeywsee,wmonkeywdo.‖
―Sparewthewrodwandwspoilwthewchild.‖
―Awfriendwinwneedwiswawfriendwindeed.‖
―Awrollingwstonewgatherswnowmoss.‖
Whichwonewofwthewfollowingwstatementswprovideswthewmostwcrediblewexp
lanationwforwthewfactwthatwhumanwbeingswseemwtowsurpasswallwotherwanimalw
specieswinwtheirwthinkingwandwlearningwcapacities?
Onlywhumanwbeingswhavewthewcapabilitywtowmakewtools.
Humanswcommunicatewregularlywwithwonewanotherwand,winwdoingw
so,wpasswalongwwhatwthey‘vewlearnedwtowfuturewgenerations.
Humanwbeingswhavewawhugewrepertoirewofwinstinctualwbehaviorswfr
omwwhichwtheywcanwdrawwwhenwtheywencounterwnewwexperiences.
Humanwbrainswarewsmallerwthanwthosewofwotherwintelligentwspeciesw(e.g
.,welephants,wdolphins)wandwthereforewcanwtransmitwmessageswmorewqui
cklywandwefficiently.
4
8th Edition Ormrod, CHAPTER 1 - 15
, CHAPTERw1
PERSPECTIVESwONwLEARNING
MultiplewChoicewQuestions
Humanwbeingswundoubtedlywlearnwmorewduringwthewcoursewofwawlifetimewt
hanwanywotherwspecieswonwearth.wThewmajorwresultwofwthiswcapacitywtowlearnwis
wthat:
Newwinstinctswbeginwtowemerge.
Humanwthoughtwbecomeswlesswlogicalwwithweachwgeneratio
n.wHumanswcanwbenefitwfromwtheirwexperiences.
Humanswarewthewonlywspecieswwhosewbehaviorwcannotwbewanalyzed
winwtermswofwstimuliwandwresponses.
Threewofwthewfollowingwarewexampleswofwlearning.wWhichwonewiswnot?
Abigailwcrieswwhenwshewstepswonwawsharpwpebble.
Afterwmanywhourswofwheatedwdebate,wBrianwbeginswtowadvoc
atewpoliticalwpracticeswhewhaswpreviouslywopposed.
Carawsuddenlywrecognizeswhowwthewdivisionwfactw―24w’w4w=w6‖wiswrel
atedwtowthewmultiplicationwfactw―6wxw4w=w24.‖
DavidwhaswbeenwrunningwawaywfromwGermanwshepherdsweverwsince
whewwaswbittenwbywawGermanwshepherdwtwow yearswago.
Reyneldawhaswtroublewtracingwawcomplexwshapewwithwawpencilwwhenwshewis
winwkindergarten,wbutwshewcanwdowitwquitewwellwbywthewtimewshewiswinwsecondw
grade.wIswthiswanwinstancewofwlearning?
Yes,wbecausewherwbehaviorwhaswchanged.
No,wbecausewthewcircumstanceswarewtoowdissimilar.
Maybe,walthoughwthewchangewmaywsimplywbewdue
wtowphysiologicalwmaturation.
Maybe,wbutwonlywifwshewiswbeingwreinforcedwforwtracingwaccurately.
2
, Chapterw1 w–
wPerspectives wonwLearning
Threewofwthewfollowingwillustratewvariouswwayswthatwlearningwmightw bewrefle
ctedwinwawperson‘swbehavior.wWhichwonewofwthewfollowingwchangeswdoeswnotwne
cessarilywreflectwlearning?
Althoughwit‘swawschoolwnight,wDeanwplayswvideowgameswuntilwwellwpast
whiswusualwbedtime.wAswhewbecomeswmorewtired,whewfindswitwincreasingl
ywdifficultwtowconcentratewonwwhatwhe‘swdoing.
Evenwaswawyoungwchild,wJerrywcouldwtellwyouwthatwhiswgrandpare
ntswimmigratedwtowthewUnitedwStateswfromwIreland.wButwafterwawc
onversationwwithwhiswgrandmother,whewcanwnowwdescribewthewcir
cumstanceswofwthewfamily‘swimmigrationwinwconsiderablewdetail.
Daywafterwday,wMartinwpracticeswhiswbasketballwskillsw (shooting,wdribbli
ng,wetc.)wonwawbasketballwcourtwatwawlocalwpark.wWithweachwpracticewses
sion,whiswmovementswbecomewfasterwandwsmoother.
Lewiswoccasionallywaskswforwhelpwwhenwhewhaswdifficultywwithwhiswcla
sswork,wbutwmostwofwthewtimewhewjustwstruggleswquietlywonwhiswown.w
Afterwhiswteacherwassureswhimwthatwaskingwforwhelpwiswnotwawsignwofww
eaknessworwinability,whewbeginswaskingwforwhelpwmuchwmorewfrequentl
y.
w researchwexamineswlearningwinwtightlywcontrolledwsettingswand
w researchwexamineswlearningwinwreal-worldwsettings.
Applied;wBasicwBasi
c;wQualitativewQuali
tative;wAppliedwBasi
c;wApplied
Awprinciplewofwlearningwcanwbestwbewcharacterizedwas:
Awdescriptionwofwthewresultswofwawparticularwresearchwstudy
Awstatementwthatwdescribeswhowwawparticularwfactorwaffectswlearning
Thewmeasurementwofwhowwmuchwlearningwhaswoccurredwin
wawparticularwsituation
Anwexplanationwofwthewunderlyingwprocesseswthroughwwhichwlearningwoccurs
Awtheorywofwlearningwcanwbestwbewcharacterizedwas:
Awdescriptionwofwthewresultswofwawparticularwresearchwstudy
Awstatementwthatwdescribeswhowwawparticularwfactorwaffectswlearning
Thewmeasurementwofwhowwmuchwlearningwhaswoccurredwin
wawparticularwsituation
Anwexplanationwofwthewunderlyingwprocesseswthroughwwhichwlearningwoccurs
3
, Chapterw1 w–
wPerspectives wonwLearning
Threewofwthewfollowingwarewprincipleswofwlearning.wWhichwonewiswawtheory
ofwlearningwratherwthanwawprinciple?
Awbehaviorwthatwiswfollowedwbywpunishmentwdecreaseswinwfrequency.
Peoplewlearnwbywmakingwmentalwassociationswbetweenwnewwinformati
onwandwtheirwexistingwknowledge.
Awresponsewthatwiswrewardedweverywtimewitwoccurswincreaseswm
orewrapidlywthanwawresponsewthatwiswonlywoccasionallywrewarded
.
Studentswtendwtowrememberwmorewofwawlecturewifwtheywtakewnoteswo
nwthewlecture‘swcontent.
Whichwonewofwthewfollowingwcommonwsayingswbestwreflectswthewconc
eptwofwintrospection?
―Wherewthere‘swawwill,wthere‘swawway.‖
―Nothingwventured,wnothingwgained.‖
―Awpennywforwyourwthoughts.‖
―Oldwhabitswdiewhard.‖
Whichwonewofwthewfollowingwcommonwsayingswbestwreflectswthewba
sicwpremisewunderlyingwsocialwlearningwtheory?
―Monkeywsee,wmonkeywdo.‖
―Sparewthewrodwandwspoilwthewchild.‖
―Awfriendwinwneedwiswawfriendwindeed.‖
―Awrollingwstonewgatherswnowmoss.‖
Whichwonewofwthewfollowingwstatementswprovideswthewmostwcrediblewexp
lanationwforwthewfactwthatwhumanwbeingswseemwtowsurpasswallwotherwanimalw
specieswinwtheirwthinkingwandwlearningwcapacities?
Onlywhumanwbeingswhavewthewcapabilitywtowmakewtools.
Humanswcommunicatewregularlywwithwonewanotherwand,winwdoingw
so,wpasswalongwwhatwthey‘vewlearnedwtowfuturewgenerations.
Humanwbeingswhavewawhugewrepertoirewofwinstinctualwbehaviorswfr
omwwhichwtheywcanwdrawwwhenwtheywencounterwnewwexperiences.
Humanwbrainswarewsmallerwthanwthosewofwotherwintelligentwspeciesw(e.g
.,welephants,wdolphins)wandwthereforewcanwtransmitwmessageswmorewqui
cklywandwefficiently.
4
