WITH ANSWERS 2025/2026 GRADED A+
Kelvin scale - Absolute temperature scale based on the Celsius scale
Pressure - Force acting on a unit of area
Objects viewed through a scuba mask appear larger and closer due to? - Refraction
Archemedes Principle - "An object wholly or partially immersed in a fluid is buoyed
up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced."
What color is absorbed first in water? - Red
What color is absorbed last in water? - Violet
How much does pressure increase under water per foot - 0.445 psi per foot (0.10 bar
per meter)
Weight of fresh vs sea water (1 cubic ft) - Fresh - 62.4
Sea - 64.0
The pressure exerted by any component gas in a mixture - Partial pressure of that gas
Regulators delivery air at what pressure - Ambient pressure
Conduction - The transfer of heat from one objetc to another object that it is touching
Convection - The transfer of heat by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas over
an object
Normal adult respiratory rate - 12-16 breaths per minute
Hypoxia - Low oxygen
Apoxia - No oxygen
Secondary drowning - Death as a result of fluid build up in the lungs
Signs of nitrogen narcosis - Impaired judgment, decreased motor skills, euphoria
Frenzel maneuver - The nostrils are pinched closed and an attempt is made to produce
a 'k' or 'guh' sound
, Valsalva maneuver - A forceful attempt of exhalation against a closed airway, usually
done by closing one's mouth and pinching one's nose shut while expelling air out as if
blowing up a balloon.
Toynbee Maneuver - Swallowing while nose is blocked
Subcutaneous Emphysema - Air under the skin (DCS)
Medistinal Emphysema - Air between chest and lungs (DCS)
Pneumothorax - Collapsed lung
Air outside the lung but within in the pleural cavity
Air Embolism - The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it
enters the heart (DCS)
Shock symptoms - Restlessness or irritability, pale, cool and moist skin, and rapid
breathing and pulse
Heat stroke symptoms - Hot, dry skin, dilated pupils, and unconsciousness
Tidal Volume (TV) - Amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath
Excessive hyperventilation prior to a breath hold dive can lead to shallow-water blackout
because it - Lowers the amount of Carbon Dioxide in the body
Four paranasal sinuses - Sphenoidal, maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal
As tissues require more oxygen, it is supplied by - Increased blood flow
Prior to a diving rescue, which three factors should be carefully considered by the
rescuer? - Personal risk, appropriate response, ability
SEABAG - Site Assessment
Emergency Plan
Activity
Buoyancy
Air
Gear and Go
When dealing with a diver who is unconscious at the surface, NAUI recommends the
following steps: - Check for breathing
Begin rescue breathing if necessary
Begin towing the victim
Methods to tow a diver in a rescue situation - Wheel barrow, Do-si-do, Tank tow