ELCS FINAL EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
2025/2026 GRADED A+
Collimation - -restricts the size and shape of beam
-reduces the volume of patient tissue that is irradiated
How is collimation achieved. What are the standards? - -Lead plate with central hole
(like a shield)
-plate can be round or rectangular
*Rectangular > round
-Federal regulations: X-ray beam < 2.75 inches at skin
Position-indicating device, aka... - THE CONE
-longer is better
(shorter the cone, more broad the beam - like a shotgun barrel)
Thyroid collar - -especially for people younger than 30
*Only for intraoral exposures
Lead apron - 0.25 mm lead (blocks radiation)
What kind of film/medium is used? - fast film or digital
-D, E, or F
Where should operator stand during exposure? - -Operator must avoid the primary
beam
-Stand b/t 90-135 degrees in relation to primary beam
-stay 6 feet away
-stand behind a protective barrier
Things to never do during exposure - -never hold a film in place for a patient during x-
ray exposure
-Neither operator nor patient should hold tube head during x-ray exposure
What is used to monitor radiation exposure? - Radiation badge (dosimeter)
, Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD) - -the most radiation a body can endure without
injury
MPD per year - 50 mSv / year
What is the average rate of exposure? - 0.2 mSv / year
MPD while pregnant? - 0.5 mSv / month
The Recommended dose limit? - 20 mSv / year, averaged over 5 years
Cumulative occupational dose - Less than age * 10 mSv
Safety after exposure - -proper film handling
-proper film processing
-limit retakes
Infection Control - -Universal precautions
-Standard precautions
-Hand hygiene
-PPE
-Sterilization and disinfection
Universal precautions - All human blood and body fluids are treated as if known to be
infectious for HIV, HBV, and other BBPs
(Assume every patient has BBP/disease)
Standard precautions - minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all care,
regardless of patient infection status, in any setting where healthcare is delivered.
Designed to protect DHCP and prevent DHCP from spreading among patients
Examples of Standard Precautions - -Hand hygiene
-PPE
-respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
-sharps safety (engineering and work practice controls)
-safe injection practices (aseptic technique for parenteral meds)
-Sterile instruments/devices
-Clean & disinfected environmental surfaces
One of the most important means of preventing spread of infection? - Hand Hygiene
When must hand hygiene be performed - -when hands are visibly soiled
2025/2026 GRADED A+
Collimation - -restricts the size and shape of beam
-reduces the volume of patient tissue that is irradiated
How is collimation achieved. What are the standards? - -Lead plate with central hole
(like a shield)
-plate can be round or rectangular
*Rectangular > round
-Federal regulations: X-ray beam < 2.75 inches at skin
Position-indicating device, aka... - THE CONE
-longer is better
(shorter the cone, more broad the beam - like a shotgun barrel)
Thyroid collar - -especially for people younger than 30
*Only for intraoral exposures
Lead apron - 0.25 mm lead (blocks radiation)
What kind of film/medium is used? - fast film or digital
-D, E, or F
Where should operator stand during exposure? - -Operator must avoid the primary
beam
-Stand b/t 90-135 degrees in relation to primary beam
-stay 6 feet away
-stand behind a protective barrier
Things to never do during exposure - -never hold a film in place for a patient during x-
ray exposure
-Neither operator nor patient should hold tube head during x-ray exposure
What is used to monitor radiation exposure? - Radiation badge (dosimeter)
, Maximum Permissible Dose (MPD) - -the most radiation a body can endure without
injury
MPD per year - 50 mSv / year
What is the average rate of exposure? - 0.2 mSv / year
MPD while pregnant? - 0.5 mSv / month
The Recommended dose limit? - 20 mSv / year, averaged over 5 years
Cumulative occupational dose - Less than age * 10 mSv
Safety after exposure - -proper film handling
-proper film processing
-limit retakes
Infection Control - -Universal precautions
-Standard precautions
-Hand hygiene
-PPE
-Sterilization and disinfection
Universal precautions - All human blood and body fluids are treated as if known to be
infectious for HIV, HBV, and other BBPs
(Assume every patient has BBP/disease)
Standard precautions - minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all care,
regardless of patient infection status, in any setting where healthcare is delivered.
Designed to protect DHCP and prevent DHCP from spreading among patients
Examples of Standard Precautions - -Hand hygiene
-PPE
-respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette
-sharps safety (engineering and work practice controls)
-safe injection practices (aseptic technique for parenteral meds)
-Sterile instruments/devices
-Clean & disinfected environmental surfaces
One of the most important means of preventing spread of infection? - Hand Hygiene
When must hand hygiene be performed - -when hands are visibly soiled
