ABC Comprehensive Criminalistics
Exam Question and answers verified to
pass
What is Forensic Science? - correct answer The application of science to
matters of criminal and civil law.
What is Criminalistics? - correct answer A branch of forensic science that
involves the collection and analysis of physical evidence generated by
criminal activity.
What does the word "forensic" mean? - correct answer Public (derived from
Latin)
Chain of Custody - correct answer The documentation of who had what types
of evidence and when.
Locard's Exchange Principle - correct answer Every contact leaves a trace;
includes contamination.
What is ASTM? - correct answer American Society for Testing and Materials -
publishes voluntary consensus standards for a wide variety of sciences.
What is ISO 17025? - correct answer The standard for accreditation in the
United States; General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and
Calibration Laboratories; International Organization for Standardization.
,Alphonse Bertillon - correct answer Developed a method of recording
physical features of a person in such a way that the record would be unique to
that person - anthropometry.
Watson and Crick (and Rosalind Franklin) - correct answer Discovered the
structure and functions of DNA in the early 1950s.
Sir Alec Jeffries - correct answer Developed the first forensic DNA typing
method known as "DNA Fingerprinting" in 1985; develops multi-locus RFLP
probes.
Kary Mullis - correct answer Discovered the way our bodies reproduce DNA;
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Calvin Goddard - correct answer Modified the comparison microscope for the
analysis of bullets and cartridge casings.
Comparison Microscope - correct answer Two standard compound
microscopes joined by an optical bridge.
Frye Standard (Frye v. United States 1923) - correct answer General
acceptance test used in the United States to determine the admissibility of
scientific evidence (i.e. scientific evidence is only admissible in court if the
technique(s) used to reach the conclusion is generally accepted in the
relevant scientific community).
What are the five factors that need to be shown according to the Daubert
Standard? - correct answer The theory or technique employed by the expert
is generally accepted in the scientific community, the technique has been
subjected to peer review/publication, whether the technique can be tested,
known or potential error rate, and the existence/ maintenance of standards.
, Kumho Tire v. Carmichael Precedent - correct answer The gatekeeping role
of a judge extends to all expert testimony, not just scientific testimony.
Ionic Bond - correct answer A type of chemical bonding between a metal and
a non-metal that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ions or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities;
results from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal in order to
obtain a full valence shell for both atoms; strong bond with high melting and
boiling points.
Covalent Bond - correct answer A type of chemical bond between non-metals
where two or more atoms share one or more electron pairs; sharing of
electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full valence shell,
which allows for a stable electron configuration.
Hydrogen Bond - correct answer A chemical bond between a hydrogen atom
and an electronegative atom (i.e. an atom that has a high affinity for
electrons), such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine; generally considered a weak
bond.
Van der Waal Forces - correct answer Relatively weak electric forces that
attract neutral molecules to one another in gases, liquefied and solidified
gases, and in almost all organic liquids and solids; a distant-dependent
interaction between atoms or molecules; classified as either electrostatic,
induction, or dispersion.
What is the order strength of chemical bonds from strongest to weakest? -
correct answer Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen, and Van der Waals.
Exam Question and answers verified to
pass
What is Forensic Science? - correct answer The application of science to
matters of criminal and civil law.
What is Criminalistics? - correct answer A branch of forensic science that
involves the collection and analysis of physical evidence generated by
criminal activity.
What does the word "forensic" mean? - correct answer Public (derived from
Latin)
Chain of Custody - correct answer The documentation of who had what types
of evidence and when.
Locard's Exchange Principle - correct answer Every contact leaves a trace;
includes contamination.
What is ASTM? - correct answer American Society for Testing and Materials -
publishes voluntary consensus standards for a wide variety of sciences.
What is ISO 17025? - correct answer The standard for accreditation in the
United States; General Requirements for the Competence of Testing and
Calibration Laboratories; International Organization for Standardization.
,Alphonse Bertillon - correct answer Developed a method of recording
physical features of a person in such a way that the record would be unique to
that person - anthropometry.
Watson and Crick (and Rosalind Franklin) - correct answer Discovered the
structure and functions of DNA in the early 1950s.
Sir Alec Jeffries - correct answer Developed the first forensic DNA typing
method known as "DNA Fingerprinting" in 1985; develops multi-locus RFLP
probes.
Kary Mullis - correct answer Discovered the way our bodies reproduce DNA;
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Calvin Goddard - correct answer Modified the comparison microscope for the
analysis of bullets and cartridge casings.
Comparison Microscope - correct answer Two standard compound
microscopes joined by an optical bridge.
Frye Standard (Frye v. United States 1923) - correct answer General
acceptance test used in the United States to determine the admissibility of
scientific evidence (i.e. scientific evidence is only admissible in court if the
technique(s) used to reach the conclusion is generally accepted in the
relevant scientific community).
What are the five factors that need to be shown according to the Daubert
Standard? - correct answer The theory or technique employed by the expert
is generally accepted in the scientific community, the technique has been
subjected to peer review/publication, whether the technique can be tested,
known or potential error rate, and the existence/ maintenance of standards.
, Kumho Tire v. Carmichael Precedent - correct answer The gatekeeping role
of a judge extends to all expert testimony, not just scientific testimony.
Ionic Bond - correct answer A type of chemical bonding between a metal and
a non-metal that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely
charged ions or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities;
results from the transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal in order to
obtain a full valence shell for both atoms; strong bond with high melting and
boiling points.
Covalent Bond - correct answer A type of chemical bond between non-metals
where two or more atoms share one or more electron pairs; sharing of
electrons allows each atom to attain the equivalent of a full valence shell,
which allows for a stable electron configuration.
Hydrogen Bond - correct answer A chemical bond between a hydrogen atom
and an electronegative atom (i.e. an atom that has a high affinity for
electrons), such as nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine; generally considered a weak
bond.
Van der Waal Forces - correct answer Relatively weak electric forces that
attract neutral molecules to one another in gases, liquefied and solidified
gases, and in almost all organic liquids and solids; a distant-dependent
interaction between atoms or molecules; classified as either electrostatic,
induction, or dispersion.
What is the order strength of chemical bonds from strongest to weakest? -
correct answer Covalent, Ionic, Hydrogen, and Van der Waals.
