Fresenius Exam / Comprehensive Study Guide –
Expert Strategies, Review of Key Quizzes, and
Practice Questions for Guaranteed Success /
Newest 2025/2026
Terms in this set (108)
What bleach solution must all 1:100
surfaces be cleaned with?
What bleach solution is 1:10
used to disinfect large
blood spills?
What is aseptic technique? A set of practices and procedures performed under carefully
controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination
by pathogens.
List three blood borne Hep B, Hep C & HIV
pathogens that may be
found in a dialysis unit?
What is an exposure incident? A blood/body fluid splash or spray occurring to the eyes,
nose or mouth or to non-intact skin. A contaminated
sharps injury is also considered an exposure incident.
1. Wash/rinse the area
2. Report incident to the clinical manager or chargenurse (if CM
not present)
What steps should you take
3. Seek medical treatment w/in 1-2 hrs (exposure txand
during an exposure incident?
counseling)
4.OSHA documentation and workman's comp documentation as
applies
,Why are Hep B patients -Hep B is extremely contagious
dialyzed in isolation rooms? -It can live outside the body for up to 7 days
Why are Hep C patients -Hep C is not as contagious as Hep B
dialyzed in the clinic area and -It does not survive very long on the outside of the body
not in isolation?
What blood test indicates HbsAg is the test for the Hep B antigen. This indicates actual viral
infection with Hep B? presence.
Which blood test indicates HbsAb is the test for the antibodies. It indicates the presence of
the presence of immunity immunity against Hepatitis B.
against Hep B?
Which vaccine provides long- Multiple injections of either Recombivax or Engerix vaccine. They
term immunity to Hep B? help produce Hep B antibodies
How is TB spread? Airborne droplets from infected individuals
How do you prevent TB in the Active TB patients cannot dialyze in clinics. Pt must have 3
clinic? consecutive negative sputum cultures before the can return
dialyzing in clinic.
VRE: a group of gram-negative bacteria that lve in he
intestinal tract that can cause infection anywhere in the
body. They are resistant to several antibiotics. VRE can
survive outside of the body on surfaces for as long as seven
What are VRE & MRSA? days.
MRSA: different varieties staph bacteria. They are normally
found on the skin or in the nose of about 1/3 of people.
When a person is infected they are resistant to antibiotics
commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. MRSA
can survive outside the body for as long as 7 days.
,What precautions do you They do not need isolation but should be seated in the same
take while caring for a area as others infected. Proper designated PPE should be
MRSA/VRE patient? worn specifically for those patients. HANDWASHING only
40-60 seconds. They need to have their own bp cuff,
stethoscope, tourniquet etc. Open wounds/ dressing should
never be changed in the clinic. CVC dressings should be
disposed of in sharp container.
What are the anatomical 1. 2 Kidneys
structures of the urnary 2. 2 Ureters
system in order of urine
3. Bladder
flow?
4. Urethra
What are the functions of a -remove waste
healthy kidney? -remove fluids
-regulate pH
-regulate electrolytes
What are the hormonal -release renin to help regulate or control BP, potassium and
functions of the kidneys? sodium
-production of erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production
-regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through activation of
Vitamin D
What is the nephron and It is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters blood from the
what is its function? urine.
What is the glomerulus and It is at the beginning of the nephron, it's a network of
what is its function? capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood. It
filters water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
-fluid removal
What two functions of
healthy kidneys can be -cleaning of wastes
replaced by dialysis?
, What is the difference Acute: sudden rapid onset; severe but often reversible
between acute renal failure Chronic: slow, progressive and premanent
and chronic renal failure?
What are three common 1.Diabetic nephropathy or glomeruloscerosis
causes of renal failure? 2. Hypertension
3. Glomerulonephritis
What are classic signs and -Elevated serum levels of BUN/Creatinine, potassium,
symptoms of renal failure or phosphous -Anemia
uremia?
-Fluid overload
-Lethargy
-Weakness
-Headache
-Edema
-Yellow-Gray appearance of the skin
-High BP
- Itching
-Loss of appetite
-Fatigue
-Nausea
-Restlessness
-Mental Changes
-SOB
-Proteinuria
-Nerve Damage
What is GFR? It describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney.
Expert Strategies, Review of Key Quizzes, and
Practice Questions for Guaranteed Success /
Newest 2025/2026
Terms in this set (108)
What bleach solution must all 1:100
surfaces be cleaned with?
What bleach solution is 1:10
used to disinfect large
blood spills?
What is aseptic technique? A set of practices and procedures performed under carefully
controlled conditions with the goal of minimizing contamination
by pathogens.
List three blood borne Hep B, Hep C & HIV
pathogens that may be
found in a dialysis unit?
What is an exposure incident? A blood/body fluid splash or spray occurring to the eyes,
nose or mouth or to non-intact skin. A contaminated
sharps injury is also considered an exposure incident.
1. Wash/rinse the area
2. Report incident to the clinical manager or chargenurse (if CM
not present)
What steps should you take
3. Seek medical treatment w/in 1-2 hrs (exposure txand
during an exposure incident?
counseling)
4.OSHA documentation and workman's comp documentation as
applies
,Why are Hep B patients -Hep B is extremely contagious
dialyzed in isolation rooms? -It can live outside the body for up to 7 days
Why are Hep C patients -Hep C is not as contagious as Hep B
dialyzed in the clinic area and -It does not survive very long on the outside of the body
not in isolation?
What blood test indicates HbsAg is the test for the Hep B antigen. This indicates actual viral
infection with Hep B? presence.
Which blood test indicates HbsAb is the test for the antibodies. It indicates the presence of
the presence of immunity immunity against Hepatitis B.
against Hep B?
Which vaccine provides long- Multiple injections of either Recombivax or Engerix vaccine. They
term immunity to Hep B? help produce Hep B antibodies
How is TB spread? Airborne droplets from infected individuals
How do you prevent TB in the Active TB patients cannot dialyze in clinics. Pt must have 3
clinic? consecutive negative sputum cultures before the can return
dialyzing in clinic.
VRE: a group of gram-negative bacteria that lve in he
intestinal tract that can cause infection anywhere in the
body. They are resistant to several antibiotics. VRE can
survive outside of the body on surfaces for as long as seven
What are VRE & MRSA? days.
MRSA: different varieties staph bacteria. They are normally
found on the skin or in the nose of about 1/3 of people.
When a person is infected they are resistant to antibiotics
commonly used to treat ordinary staph infections. MRSA
can survive outside the body for as long as 7 days.
,What precautions do you They do not need isolation but should be seated in the same
take while caring for a area as others infected. Proper designated PPE should be
MRSA/VRE patient? worn specifically for those patients. HANDWASHING only
40-60 seconds. They need to have their own bp cuff,
stethoscope, tourniquet etc. Open wounds/ dressing should
never be changed in the clinic. CVC dressings should be
disposed of in sharp container.
What are the anatomical 1. 2 Kidneys
structures of the urnary 2. 2 Ureters
system in order of urine
3. Bladder
flow?
4. Urethra
What are the functions of a -remove waste
healthy kidney? -remove fluids
-regulate pH
-regulate electrolytes
What are the hormonal -release renin to help regulate or control BP, potassium and
functions of the kidneys? sodium
-production of erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production
-regulation of calcium/phosphorus balance through activation of
Vitamin D
What is the nephron and It is the functional unit of the kidney. It filters blood from the
what is its function? urine.
What is the glomerulus and It is at the beginning of the nephron, it's a network of
what is its function? capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood. It
filters water and solutes into Bowman's capsule.
-fluid removal
What two functions of
healthy kidneys can be -cleaning of wastes
replaced by dialysis?
, What is the difference Acute: sudden rapid onset; severe but often reversible
between acute renal failure Chronic: slow, progressive and premanent
and chronic renal failure?
What are three common 1.Diabetic nephropathy or glomeruloscerosis
causes of renal failure? 2. Hypertension
3. Glomerulonephritis
What are classic signs and -Elevated serum levels of BUN/Creatinine, potassium,
symptoms of renal failure or phosphous -Anemia
uremia?
-Fluid overload
-Lethargy
-Weakness
-Headache
-Edema
-Yellow-Gray appearance of the skin
-High BP
- Itching
-Loss of appetite
-Fatigue
-Nausea
-Restlessness
-Mental Changes
-SOB
-Proteinuria
-Nerve Damage
What is GFR? It describes the flow rate of filtered fluid through the kidney.
