MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 2
MASTERING 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,1. Which of the following conditions in humans is linked to bovine spongiform
encephalopathy?
Answer: Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
2. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus
envelope.
Answer: false
3. During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the
parental DNA?
Answer: T (Thymine)
4. Which of the following is NOT a direct method to measure microbial growth?
Answer: None of the answers is correct; all of these factors may contribute to hospital-
acquired infection.
5. Frederick Griffith did experiments on genetic transformation. Which of the
following statements about his experiments is accurate?
Answer: Griffith found that a soluble substance (referred to as the "transforming
principle") released from dead (virulent) bacteria entered live (avirulent) bacteria and
changed them genetically, causing them to become virulent. We now know that this
"transforming principle" is DNA.
6. Which statement concerning viral structure is true?
Answer: Spikes are found on some viruses. They are very consistent in structure within
a viral species and can be used for identification.
7. They link the leading strand DNA polymerase and the lagging strand DNA
polymerase together.
Answer: What is the function of the connector proteins?
8. Based on the information in the table, prostate cancer is probably the result of
which kind of mutation?
Answer: missense
, 9. Which of the following statements about archaea is FALSE?
Answer: They evolved before bacteria
10. How do the strands separate during PCR?
Answer: The initial/first effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes.
11. Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by
Answer: transduction, conjunction, transformation, and mutation
12. A pressure cooker utilizes steam to create a higher-pressure environment that
allows the food to cook at higher temperatures than normal. Why is this important?
Answer: The higher temperatures kill most contaminating microbes and endospores
and therefore effectively sterilize the food.
13. What is the basic function of the lac operon?
Answer: To code for enzymes involved in catabolizing lactose
14. A culture of genetically identical cells is called
Answer: a clone
15. A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a
Answer: plaque
16. Which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids?
Answer: heat, radiation, and some chemicals
17. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in cells?
Answer: DNA is constructed of.
18. The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a
number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This
MASTERING 2025
[Document subtitle]
[DATE]
[COMPANY NAME]
[Company address]
,1. Which of the following conditions in humans is linked to bovine spongiform
encephalopathy?
Answer: Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
2. Helical and icosahedral are terms used to describe the shapes of a virus
envelope.
Answer: false
3. During DNA replication, which nucleotide will bind to an A nucleotide in the
parental DNA?
Answer: T (Thymine)
4. Which of the following is NOT a direct method to measure microbial growth?
Answer: None of the answers is correct; all of these factors may contribute to hospital-
acquired infection.
5. Frederick Griffith did experiments on genetic transformation. Which of the
following statements about his experiments is accurate?
Answer: Griffith found that a soluble substance (referred to as the "transforming
principle") released from dead (virulent) bacteria entered live (avirulent) bacteria and
changed them genetically, causing them to become virulent. We now know that this
"transforming principle" is DNA.
6. Which statement concerning viral structure is true?
Answer: Spikes are found on some viruses. They are very consistent in structure within
a viral species and can be used for identification.
7. They link the leading strand DNA polymerase and the lagging strand DNA
polymerase together.
Answer: What is the function of the connector proteins?
8. Based on the information in the table, prostate cancer is probably the result of
which kind of mutation?
Answer: missense
, 9. Which of the following statements about archaea is FALSE?
Answer: They evolved before bacteria
10. How do the strands separate during PCR?
Answer: The initial/first effect of ionizing radiation on a cell is that it causes.
11. Genetic change in bacteria can be brought about by
Answer: transduction, conjunction, transformation, and mutation
12. A pressure cooker utilizes steam to create a higher-pressure environment that
allows the food to cook at higher temperatures than normal. Why is this important?
Answer: The higher temperatures kill most contaminating microbes and endospores
and therefore effectively sterilize the food.
13. What is the basic function of the lac operon?
Answer: To code for enzymes involved in catabolizing lactose
14. A culture of genetically identical cells is called
Answer: a clone
15. A clear area against a confluent "lawn" of bacteria is called a
Answer: plaque
16. Which of the following results in lethal damage to nucleic acids?
Answer: heat, radiation, and some chemicals
17. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in cells?
Answer: DNA is constructed of.
18. The cancer gene ras produces mRNA containing an extra exon that includes a
number of UAA codons. Cancer cells produce ras mRNA missing this exon. This
