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LFCS 2024/2025 Exam Questions and
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cat - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output

sed - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔sed - stream editor for filtering and transforming text



The name sed is short for stream editor. For those unfamiliar with the term, a

stream editor is used to perform basic text transformations on an input stream

(a file or input from a pipeline).



The most basic (and popular) usage of sed is the substitution of characters.

uniq - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔uniq - report or omit repeated lines



The uniq command allows us to report or remove duplicate lines in a file,

writing to stdout by default.




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, uniq is commonly used along with a preceding sort (which is used to sort lines of

text files).

top - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔display Linux processes

pgrep - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔pgrep, pkill - look up or signal processes based on name

and other attributes

ps - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔ps - report a snapshot of the current processes.



ps displays information about a selection of the active processes. If you want a

repetitive update of the selection and the displayed information, use 'top'

instead.

nice - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔nice - run a program with modified scheduling priority

renice - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔renice - alter priority of running processes



renice alters the scheduling priority of one or more running processes. The first

argument is the priority value to be used.



Example: renice 10 1292

kill - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔kill - terminate a process

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