Biology EOC Review UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
activation energy - CORRECT ANSWER - energy needed to start a chemical reaction;
lowered by enzymes
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of molecules across a membrane
requiring energy to be expended by the cell
adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - inherited characteristic that increases an organism's
chance of survival
allele - CORRECT ANSWER - the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or
recessive
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - CORRECT ANSWER - structures that do not have a common
evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function
anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - the third phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
antibiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of
bacteria
antibody - CORRECT ANSWER - a substance produced by the body that destroys or
inactivates a pathogen that has entered the body
,antigen - CORRECT ANSWER - substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the
production of an antibody
archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
that do not contain peptidoglycan
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - organism that can capture energy from sunlight or
chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
containing peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - CORRECT ANSWER - virus that infects bacteria
base deletion - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide
pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation which results in the addition of
nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of point mutation where one
nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
behavioral adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - an inherited behavior that helps an
organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a mate
binary fission - CORRECT ANSWER - asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one
cell divides into two identical cells
, fetus - CORRECT ANSWER - an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of
development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fever - CORRECT ANSWER - a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
specific environment
food chain - CORRECT ANSWER - a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy
by eating and being eaten
food web - CORRECT ANSWER - a diagram that shows the feeding relationships
between organisms in an ecosystem
fossil - CORRECT ANSWER - the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that
existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete - CORRECT ANSWER - egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of
chromosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair
gene - CORRECT ANSWER - sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus
determines a trait
binomial nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER - Classification system in which each
species is assigned a two-part scientific name including the genus and species
biodiversity - CORRECT ANSWER - the variety of different species in a given area
Questions and CORRECT Answers
activation energy - CORRECT ANSWER - energy needed to start a chemical reaction;
lowered by enzymes
active transport - CORRECT ANSWER - movement of molecules across a membrane
requiring energy to be expended by the cell
adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - inherited characteristic that increases an organism's
chance of survival
allele - CORRECT ANSWER - the different forms of a gene; could be dominant or
recessive
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - basic building blocks of proteins
analogous structures - CORRECT ANSWER - structures that do not have a common
evolutionary origin but are similar in form or function
anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - the third phase of mitosis, during which the
chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
antibiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of
bacteria
antibody - CORRECT ANSWER - a substance produced by the body that destroys or
inactivates a pathogen that has entered the body
,antigen - CORRECT ANSWER - substance (usually foreign) that stimulates the
production of an antibody
archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
that do not contain peptidoglycan
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - a nucleotide that stores and transfers energy within cells
autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - organism that can capture energy from sunlight or
chemicals and use it to produce its own food; also called a producer
bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - domain of unicellular prokaryotes that have cell walls
containing peptidoglycans
bacteriophage - CORRECT ANSWER - virus that infects bacteria
base deletion - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation which results in the loss of nucleotide
pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base insertion - CORRECT ANSWER - mutation which results in the addition of
nucleotide pairs in a gene; have a major effect on the resulting protein
base-pair substitution - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of point mutation where one
nucleotide and its partner are replaced by another pair of nucleotides
behavioral adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - an inherited behavior that helps an
organism survive; like escaping from predators or find a mate
binary fission - CORRECT ANSWER - asexual reproduction in prokaryotes by which one
cell divides into two identical cells
, fetus - CORRECT ANSWER - an unborn or unhatched vertebrate in the later stages of
development showing the main recognizable features of the mature animal
fever - CORRECT ANSWER - a rise in the temperature of the body
fitness - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its
specific environment
food chain - CORRECT ANSWER - a series of steps in which organisms transfer energy
by eating and being eaten
food web - CORRECT ANSWER - a diagram that shows the feeding relationships
between organisms in an ecosystem
fossil - CORRECT ANSWER - the remains (or an impression) of a plant or animal that
existed in a past geological age and that has been excavated from the soil
gamete - CORRECT ANSWER - egg or sperm sex cell that contains a single set of
chromosomes (haploid), one from each homologous pair
gene - CORRECT ANSWER - sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus
determines a trait
binomial nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER - Classification system in which each
species is assigned a two-part scientific name including the genus and species
biodiversity - CORRECT ANSWER - the variety of different species in a given area
