Biology EOC Vocabulary Review UPDATED
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Abiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - of or relating to nonliving things
Accurate - CORRECT ANSWER - correct
Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution a
solution with a pH of less than 7
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of molecules or ions against a
concentration gradient, that is, from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration, and
therefore requiring energy
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - energy that is needed to get a reaction started
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - any feature or behavior that enables an organism to
survive and reproduce in its environment
Adaptive Radiation - CORRECT ANSWER - a process by which different species develop
from a common ancestor because different groups of the offspring are adapted for different
environments
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - CORRECT ANSWER - the molecule that carries the
energy produced by respiration in its third, high-energy phosphate bond; used by cells to provide
energy necessary for chemical reactions
Aerobic - CORRECT ANSWER - relating to a reaction that requires the presence of
oxygen
,Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - one of the different forms in which a gene can occur;
there are at least two alleles for every trait
Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - any of the organic acids that are the chief
component of proteins, either manufactured by cells or ingested by the organism
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - the production, storage, and transport of materials
inside cells that the organism needs to survive
Anaerobic - CORRECT ANSWER - relating to a reaction that can occur without the
presence of oxygen
Analogous Structures - CORRECT ANSWER - physical features possessed by different
specise that are similar in function, but that are not related in development or evolutionary origin
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - the third phase in mitosis, during which the
chromatids separate and move toward opposite centrioles
Animalia - CORRECT ANSWER - a kingdom of multicellular, heterotrophic organisms,
most of which can move about freely at some point in their life cycle
Anticodon - CORRECT ANSWER - a sequence of three nucleotide bases on a molecule of
transfer RNA (tRNA) that corresponse to a complementary sequence of three nucleotide bases on
a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule
Asexual Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - reproduction that does not involve the
fusion of gametes; organisms that reproduce in this manner are genetically identical to their
progeny
,ATP Synthase - CORRECT ANSWER - an enzyme that allows protons to pass through a
membrane and, in doing so, extracts enough energy to attach a phophate to an ADP molecule,
producting ATP
Autosomal Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - any of the non-sex chromosomes
Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism that produces its own food, including
photosynthetic organisms such as green plants and photoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms
such as sulfur bacteria
Auxin - CORRECT ANSWER - a plant hormone that causes elongation on one side of a
plant, so part of the plant may bend toward or away from a stimulus
Balance - CORRECT ANSWER - a tool used for measuring mass or weight that uses a
counterweights of known values for comparison
Behavioral Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - an inherited behavior, such as feeding,
mating, breeding, or migrating, that helps it survive in its environment
Bias - CORRECT ANSWER - a perspective that affects the way in which people interpret
events and form beliefs
Bilateral Symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER - a body plan in which the right and left sides
of the animal are symmetrical
Binary Fission - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of asexual reproduction used by bacteria in
which the cell is split into two identical cells through a process of elongation
Binomial Nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER - a system of classification in which an
organism is given a two-word scientific name in Latin designating its genus and species
, Biodiversity - CORRECT ANSWER - the variety and number of organisms on Earth
Biogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the theory that organisms can arise only from other
organisms
Biomass - CORRECT ANSWER - the total mass (with water removed) of living
organisms within a given trophic level
Biotechnology - CORRECT ANSWER - the use or alteration of organisms to serve human
needs
Bioterrorism - CORRECT ANSWER - the use of biological agents to terrorize, injure, or
kill groups of people
Biotic - CORRECT ANSWER - of or relating to living things
Biotic Potential - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of a population to increase, resulting
from maximal rate of reproduction and minimal mortality
Budding - CORRECT ANSWER - a method of asexual reproduction in which a juvenile
grows out of an adult organism and eventually falls off to grown on its own
Calvin Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - light-independent reations of photosynthesis in
which the ATP and NADPH generated from the light-dependent reactions provide energy for the
synthesis of sugars
Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER - the outermost protective layer found on some
prokaryotic cells
Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - one of the essential chemicals for life, used for
energy and structure; made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Abiotic - CORRECT ANSWER - of or relating to nonliving things
Accurate - CORRECT ANSWER - correct
Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution a
solution with a pH of less than 7
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER - the movement of molecules or ions against a
concentration gradient, that is, from an area of lower concentration to higher concentration, and
therefore requiring energy
Activation Energy - CORRECT ANSWER - energy that is needed to get a reaction started
Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - any feature or behavior that enables an organism to
survive and reproduce in its environment
Adaptive Radiation - CORRECT ANSWER - a process by which different species develop
from a common ancestor because different groups of the offspring are adapted for different
environments
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) - CORRECT ANSWER - the molecule that carries the
energy produced by respiration in its third, high-energy phosphate bond; used by cells to provide
energy necessary for chemical reactions
Aerobic - CORRECT ANSWER - relating to a reaction that requires the presence of
oxygen
,Allele - CORRECT ANSWER - one of the different forms in which a gene can occur;
there are at least two alleles for every trait
Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - any of the organic acids that are the chief
component of proteins, either manufactured by cells or ingested by the organism
Anabolism - CORRECT ANSWER - the production, storage, and transport of materials
inside cells that the organism needs to survive
Anaerobic - CORRECT ANSWER - relating to a reaction that can occur without the
presence of oxygen
Analogous Structures - CORRECT ANSWER - physical features possessed by different
specise that are similar in function, but that are not related in development or evolutionary origin
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - the third phase in mitosis, during which the
chromatids separate and move toward opposite centrioles
Animalia - CORRECT ANSWER - a kingdom of multicellular, heterotrophic organisms,
most of which can move about freely at some point in their life cycle
Anticodon - CORRECT ANSWER - a sequence of three nucleotide bases on a molecule of
transfer RNA (tRNA) that corresponse to a complementary sequence of three nucleotide bases on
a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule
Asexual Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER - reproduction that does not involve the
fusion of gametes; organisms that reproduce in this manner are genetically identical to their
progeny
,ATP Synthase - CORRECT ANSWER - an enzyme that allows protons to pass through a
membrane and, in doing so, extracts enough energy to attach a phophate to an ADP molecule,
producting ATP
Autosomal Chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER - any of the non-sex chromosomes
Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - an organism that produces its own food, including
photosynthetic organisms such as green plants and photoplankton and chemosynthetic organisms
such as sulfur bacteria
Auxin - CORRECT ANSWER - a plant hormone that causes elongation on one side of a
plant, so part of the plant may bend toward or away from a stimulus
Balance - CORRECT ANSWER - a tool used for measuring mass or weight that uses a
counterweights of known values for comparison
Behavioral Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER - an inherited behavior, such as feeding,
mating, breeding, or migrating, that helps it survive in its environment
Bias - CORRECT ANSWER - a perspective that affects the way in which people interpret
events and form beliefs
Bilateral Symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER - a body plan in which the right and left sides
of the animal are symmetrical
Binary Fission - CORRECT ANSWER - a type of asexual reproduction used by bacteria in
which the cell is split into two identical cells through a process of elongation
Binomial Nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER - a system of classification in which an
organism is given a two-word scientific name in Latin designating its genus and species
, Biodiversity - CORRECT ANSWER - the variety and number of organisms on Earth
Biogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the theory that organisms can arise only from other
organisms
Biomass - CORRECT ANSWER - the total mass (with water removed) of living
organisms within a given trophic level
Biotechnology - CORRECT ANSWER - the use or alteration of organisms to serve human
needs
Bioterrorism - CORRECT ANSWER - the use of biological agents to terrorize, injure, or
kill groups of people
Biotic - CORRECT ANSWER - of or relating to living things
Biotic Potential - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability of a population to increase, resulting
from maximal rate of reproduction and minimal mortality
Budding - CORRECT ANSWER - a method of asexual reproduction in which a juvenile
grows out of an adult organism and eventually falls off to grown on its own
Calvin Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - light-independent reations of photosynthesis in
which the ATP and NADPH generated from the light-dependent reactions provide energy for the
synthesis of sugars
Capsule - CORRECT ANSWER - the outermost protective layer found on some
prokaryotic cells
Carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER - one of the essential chemicals for life, used for
energy and structure; made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio
