Final Review for NC Biology EOC
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - cells with NO nucleus or membrane bound
organelles; ex. BACTERIA
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms with cells that have membrane bound
organelles; ex. plants, animals, fungi, protists
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - contais cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that controls cell activity and contains the
DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - where proteins are made
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular respiration takes place and energy
(ATP) is produced
Chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER - found only in plant & fungi cells; functions as support
& protection for the cell
Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell
and assists with movement of water in/out of protists
,Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - surrounds ALL cells and maintains
homeostasis by controlling what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - CORRECT ANSWER - the double layer of lipids and proteins that
make up the plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER - all things freely move from higher to
lower concentrations
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - passive transport where particles move with the
concentration gradient & DOES NOT require energy
Passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - particles moving across a membrane without
the use of energy (high to low); i.e. DIFFUSION
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms or individual cells maintaining balance
in order to survive
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell division producing two identical cells (2n)
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2
separate cells are created
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - G1, S phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
, Phases of Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
(PMAT)
Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER - Process where cells develop to specific function
and structure; i.e. blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell
Organic Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER - contain carbon, C, and make up all living
things
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - made of AMINO ACIDS and are used to build tissue,
repair cells, & control metabolism
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - made of monosaccharides and are used to provide
ENERGY for organisms
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation
and energy storage
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - PROTEINS that increase the rate of a reaction
(catalysts) by lowering the energy of activation
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - reusable molecules but can become unusable if the
shape is changed -denatured by temperature of pH
Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - made of nucleotides and are used for the
production of proteins and carry genetic information
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - passive transport where particles move with the
concentration gradient & does not require energy
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - carbon dioxide + water --> glucose + oxygen
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - cells with NO nucleus or membrane bound
organelles; ex. BACTERIA
Eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms with cells that have membrane bound
organelles; ex. plants, animals, fungi, protists
Cells - CORRECT ANSWER - contais cytoplasm, plasma membrane, DNA, & ribosomes
Nucleus - CORRECT ANSWER - organelle that controls cell activity and contains the
DNA in eukaryotes
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - where proteins are made
Mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular respiration takes place and energy
(ATP) is produced
Chloroplasts - CORRECT ANSWER - where photosynthesis takes place
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER - found only in plant & fungi cells; functions as support
& protection for the cell
Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER - provides storage for water, food, waste within the cell
and assists with movement of water in/out of protists
,Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER - surrounds ALL cells and maintains
homeostasis by controlling what goes in/out of the cell
Phospholipid Bilayer - CORRECT ANSWER - the double layer of lipids and proteins that
make up the plasma membrane
Concentration Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER - all things freely move from higher to
lower concentrations
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - passive transport where particles move with the
concentration gradient & DOES NOT require energy
Passive transport - CORRECT ANSWER - particles moving across a membrane without
the use of energy (high to low); i.e. DIFFUSION
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - where cellular energy is stored within the Phosphate bonds
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular respiration that requires oxygen
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER - organisms or individual cells maintaining balance
in order to survive
Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell division producing two identical cells (2n)
Cytokinesis - CORRECT ANSWER - the division at the end of the cell cycle in which 2
separate cells are created
Cell Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER - G1, S phase, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis
, Phases of Mitosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
(PMAT)
Differentiation - CORRECT ANSWER - Process where cells develop to specific function
and structure; i.e. blood cell, nerve cell, muscle cell
Organic Compounds - CORRECT ANSWER - contain carbon, C, and make up all living
things
Proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - made of AMINO ACIDS and are used to build tissue,
repair cells, & control metabolism
Carbohydrates - CORRECT ANSWER - made of monosaccharides and are used to provide
ENERGY for organisms
Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER - made of glycerol & fatty acids and are used for insulation
and energy storage
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - PROTEINS that increase the rate of a reaction
(catalysts) by lowering the energy of activation
Enzymes - CORRECT ANSWER - reusable molecules but can become unusable if the
shape is changed -denatured by temperature of pH
Nucleic Acids - CORRECT ANSWER - made of nucleotides and are used for the
production of proteins and carry genetic information
Diffusion - CORRECT ANSWER - passive transport where particles move with the
concentration gradient & does not require energy
