NUSCTX 11, Midterm 1 - UC Berkeley
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What might occur to increase the toxicity of lipophilic chemicals? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Bioaccumulation and Phase I
What could be a specific way that toxicity from an oil spill is most harmful to fish? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Absorbs and bioaccumulates in fat, and can be metabolized into carcinogens.
If a certain substance causes "DNA adducts" which experiments could you try to detect it? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Measure Phase II enzymes and hypothesize that these enzymes
are inhibited
Show that the chemical is a mimic for other nucleotides in DNA replication
Measure chemical metabolites in milk in female animals.
What is true about biotransformation? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is a 2-phase process
It can decrease toxicity
It can increase toxicity, it makes compounds more hydrophilic (water soluble)
What are factors in calculating toxicant risk? - CORRECT ANSWER - Exposure
Absorption
Site of Action
Biological factors that determine toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorption
, Metabolism
Lipophilic character
Distribution (lymph system)
Circulatory path of lymph - CORRECT ANSWER - Route to fast entry into lungs and
blood
Circulatory path of bile duct - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaks down lipophilic chemicals,
enterohepatic circulation
Circulatory path of portal vein - CORRECT ANSWER - Routes for metabolism by CYP in
liver (gut to liver)
TD - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxic Dose
LD - CORRECT ANSWER - Lethal Dose
ED - CORRECT ANSWER - Effective Dose
Margin of Safety - CORRECT ANSWER - LD1/ED99
Possible sites of action for xenobiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat
DNA
Brain
Heart
Proteins
Tissue and cells
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
What might occur to increase the toxicity of lipophilic chemicals? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Bioaccumulation and Phase I
What could be a specific way that toxicity from an oil spill is most harmful to fish? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Absorbs and bioaccumulates in fat, and can be metabolized into carcinogens.
If a certain substance causes "DNA adducts" which experiments could you try to detect it? -
CORRECT ANSWER - Measure Phase II enzymes and hypothesize that these enzymes
are inhibited
Show that the chemical is a mimic for other nucleotides in DNA replication
Measure chemical metabolites in milk in female animals.
What is true about biotransformation? - CORRECT ANSWER - It is a 2-phase process
It can decrease toxicity
It can increase toxicity, it makes compounds more hydrophilic (water soluble)
What are factors in calculating toxicant risk? - CORRECT ANSWER - Exposure
Absorption
Site of Action
Biological factors that determine toxicity? - CORRECT ANSWER - Absorption
, Metabolism
Lipophilic character
Distribution (lymph system)
Circulatory path of lymph - CORRECT ANSWER - Route to fast entry into lungs and
blood
Circulatory path of bile duct - CORRECT ANSWER - Breaks down lipophilic chemicals,
enterohepatic circulation
Circulatory path of portal vein - CORRECT ANSWER - Routes for metabolism by CYP in
liver (gut to liver)
TD - CORRECT ANSWER - Toxic Dose
LD - CORRECT ANSWER - Lethal Dose
ED - CORRECT ANSWER - Effective Dose
Margin of Safety - CORRECT ANSWER - LD1/ED99
Possible sites of action for xenobiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Fat
DNA
Brain
Heart
Proteins
Tissue and cells
