PHIL 101 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
Premises: - Answers - a claim intended as support for an argument's conclusion. The
claim or claims that support the conclusion.
Conclusion: - Answers - the claim being supported in an argument.
Argument: - Answers - a set of claims, one of which is supported by the others. it must
contain a minimum of two claims.
Claim: - Answers - is a statement that has truth-valuetruth-valuethe truth or falsity of a
claim., that is, it can be either true or false
Explanation: - Answers - is a set of claims, one of which offers an account of how or
why some given claim is true
Non-Claims are: - Answers - questions, commands, exclamations, and greetings.
Chain arguments: - Answers - two or more arguments constituting a chain of reasoning,
in which the conclusion of one argument is the premise of another.
Subarguments: - Answers - in a chain argument, the intermediate conclusion and the
premise(s) that support it.
Intermediate conclusions: - Answers - in a chain argument, a claim that serves as both
the conclusion of a subargument and a premise of the main argument.
Argument with multiple conclusions: - Answers - two or more arguments that share the
same premise(s).
Linked (Dependent): - Answers - premises that depend on each other to support a
conclusion.
Convergent (Independent): - Answers - two or more premises that each provide
independent support for the same conclusion.
Characteristics of good definitions: - Answers - Neither too broad nor too narrow
States the essential attributes of the term being defined
Non-circular
Avoids obscure or figurative language
Avoids emotive language
Euphemism: - Answers - Replacement of a negative term with a neutral or positive one
to sugarcoat the truth.
Premises: - Answers - a claim intended as support for an argument's conclusion. The
claim or claims that support the conclusion.
Conclusion: - Answers - the claim being supported in an argument.
Argument: - Answers - a set of claims, one of which is supported by the others. it must
contain a minimum of two claims.
Claim: - Answers - is a statement that has truth-valuetruth-valuethe truth or falsity of a
claim., that is, it can be either true or false
Explanation: - Answers - is a set of claims, one of which offers an account of how or
why some given claim is true
Non-Claims are: - Answers - questions, commands, exclamations, and greetings.
Chain arguments: - Answers - two or more arguments constituting a chain of reasoning,
in which the conclusion of one argument is the premise of another.
Subarguments: - Answers - in a chain argument, the intermediate conclusion and the
premise(s) that support it.
Intermediate conclusions: - Answers - in a chain argument, a claim that serves as both
the conclusion of a subargument and a premise of the main argument.
Argument with multiple conclusions: - Answers - two or more arguments that share the
same premise(s).
Linked (Dependent): - Answers - premises that depend on each other to support a
conclusion.
Convergent (Independent): - Answers - two or more premises that each provide
independent support for the same conclusion.
Characteristics of good definitions: - Answers - Neither too broad nor too narrow
States the essential attributes of the term being defined
Non-circular
Avoids obscure or figurative language
Avoids emotive language
Euphemism: - Answers - Replacement of a negative term with a neutral or positive one
to sugarcoat the truth.
