ANP 1106 Midterm 1
3 broad ligaments of knee joint - ANS - patellar ligament
- Lateral and medial patellar retinaculum
\3 C's of knee joint injuries - ANS - Collateral ligaments
- Cruciate ligaments
- Cartilages
\3 joints of knee joint - ANS - femoropatellar1 (plane joint)
- lateral tibiofemoral2
- medial tibiofemoral2 (hinge)
- Joint between femoral condyles and lateral and medial menisci of tibia
\3 levels of bone structure - ANS 1. Gross
2. Microscopic
3. Chemical
\3 main functions of vertebral column - ANS - weight-bearing
- anchor for muscles & ligaments
- protection of spinal cord
\3 segments of lower limbs - ANS - thigh
- leg
- foot
\4 bones of Paranasal sinuses - ANS 1) Frontal
2) Maxillary
3) Sphenoid
4) Ethmoid
\5 main selected synovial joints - ANS - Knee
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Hip
- TMJ
\6 general features of synovial joints - ANS 1. articular (hyaline) cartilage:
2. joint (synovial) cavity:
3. articular capsule; Two layers:
4. synovial fluid
5. reinforcing ligaments
6. rich nerve and blood vessel supply
\6 types of synovial joints - ANS 1. plane
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. condyloid
5. saddle
6. ball and socket
\7 bones forming orbits - ANS - Zygomatic
,- Frontal
- Maxilla
- Ethmoid
- Lacrimal
- Sphenoid
- Palatine (orbital process)
\8 bones of cranium - ANS - Parietal (2)
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Temporal (2)
- Occipital
- Frontal
\abdominal - ANS stomach
\Abdominopelvic cavity (3) - ANS - superior abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, spleen, liver)
- inferior pelvic cavity (bladder, some reproductive organs, rectum)
- not aligned with each other
\Abdominopelvic Quadrants (4) - ANS 1. right upper quadrant (RUQ)
2. left upper quadrant (LUQ)
3. right lower quadrant (RLQ)
4. left lower quadrant (LLQ)
\Abnormal spine curvatures - ANS - Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curve
- Kyphosis: (hunchback) - Exaggerated thoracic curve
- Lordosis: (swayback) - accentuated lumbar curvature
\Acetabulum (BF) - ANS hole in the hip that accepts the head of femur
\Acetabulum of pelvic girdle - ANS area where all 3 bones join »» forms socket of hip joint
\Amphiarthroses (function) - ANS slightly movable joint
\Anatomy of pelvic girdle - ANS different in male and female
\Annular ligament of elbow joint - ANS allows rotation of the radius
\Annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs - ANS - outer collar of collagen & fibrocartilage
- holds together successive vertebrae & resists tension in spine
- limits expansion of nucleus pulpous when spine is compressed
\Anterior (ventral) - ANS toward or at the front of the body; in front of
\anterior sacral foramina - ANS - lies at lateral ends of ridges
- transmits posterior rami of sacral spinal nerves
\Appendicular division of body - ANS appendages or limbs attached to axis
\Appendicular skeleton - ANS - Bones of the limbs and their girdles
- attaches the upper limbs to the body trunk
- secures lower limbs to body trunk
- enables us to carry out movement
- Take a step, throw a ball, text a friend
\Appendicular Skeleton - ANS - bones of upper & lower limbs + pectoral/pelvic girdles
- attach limbs to axial skeleton
\Arch + body - ANS - enclose the vertebral foramen
\arcuate popliteal ligament - ANS reinforces joint capsule posteriorly
, \Arm (upper limb) - ANS humerus
\Articular (hyaline) cartilage - ANS provide cushioning so bone is not crushed
\Articular capsule - ANS Two layers:
•Outer fibrous capsule of dense irregular CT
•Inner synovial membrane of loose CT
\Articular surfaces (minor role) - ANS - shape of these of many joints is such that they don't
contribute stability
- Deep ball and socket joints have good shape for stability
\Articulate - ANS form a joint/ connect
\Articulation of hip (coxal) joint - ANS head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvic bone
\Atlas (C1) cervical vertebrae - ANS no body & no spinous process
- ring of bone consisting posterior & anterior neural arches
- has lateral masses with superior & inferior articular facets
- its superior surfaces (facets) of the lateral masses articulates with occipital condyles
\Axial division of body - ANS head, neck, trunk
\Axial Skeleton - ANS bones of skull, vertebral column, rib cage
\Axial skeleton - ANS Consists of 80 bones
- Three major regions: skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
\Axis (C2) cervical vertebrae - ANS - more like other vertebrae, except for dens or odontoid
process
- projects superiorly into the anterior arch of the atlas
- is a pivot for the rotation of the atlas (allows head to shake 'yes and no')
\ball and socket joint - ANS Glenoid cavity: broadened slightly by the glenoid labrum
(fibrocartilagenous rim) but is still only 1/3rd the size of the head of the humerus.
- The only ligaments of note is the coracohumeral
- It is largely the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles that stabilize this joint.
\Ball and socket joint - ANS multiaxial joints
- most freely moving e.g. shoulder/ hip joint
\Big toe - ANS hallux
\Big toe is missing - ANS Medial phalange bone
\Body bone of sternum - ANS Articulates with ribs 2 to 7
\Bone - ANS living dynamic tissue that reacts to its enviro
\Bone - ANS reacts to amount of force applied to it by increasing density and amount of
roughening on the bone or by decreasing density when force is reduced (deposition vs.
resorption)
\Bone Remodelling - ANS - As the long bone lengthens, the shape of the ends must be altered
- Growing bones widen as they lengthen through appositional growth
- As the length increases, external surfaces of the ends made slimmer while the internal surface
made thicker
- Bone is destroyed by osteoclasts and laid down by osteoblasts on both the inner and outer
surfaces of a growing long bone
\Bone remodelling hormonal controls: PTH - ANS Produced by PT glands
- Removes calcium from bone regardless of bone integrity
3 broad ligaments of knee joint - ANS - patellar ligament
- Lateral and medial patellar retinaculum
\3 C's of knee joint injuries - ANS - Collateral ligaments
- Cruciate ligaments
- Cartilages
\3 joints of knee joint - ANS - femoropatellar1 (plane joint)
- lateral tibiofemoral2
- medial tibiofemoral2 (hinge)
- Joint between femoral condyles and lateral and medial menisci of tibia
\3 levels of bone structure - ANS 1. Gross
2. Microscopic
3. Chemical
\3 main functions of vertebral column - ANS - weight-bearing
- anchor for muscles & ligaments
- protection of spinal cord
\3 segments of lower limbs - ANS - thigh
- leg
- foot
\4 bones of Paranasal sinuses - ANS 1) Frontal
2) Maxillary
3) Sphenoid
4) Ethmoid
\5 main selected synovial joints - ANS - Knee
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Hip
- TMJ
\6 general features of synovial joints - ANS 1. articular (hyaline) cartilage:
2. joint (synovial) cavity:
3. articular capsule; Two layers:
4. synovial fluid
5. reinforcing ligaments
6. rich nerve and blood vessel supply
\6 types of synovial joints - ANS 1. plane
2. hinge
3. pivot
4. condyloid
5. saddle
6. ball and socket
\7 bones forming orbits - ANS - Zygomatic
,- Frontal
- Maxilla
- Ethmoid
- Lacrimal
- Sphenoid
- Palatine (orbital process)
\8 bones of cranium - ANS - Parietal (2)
- Ethmoid
- Sphenoid
- Temporal (2)
- Occipital
- Frontal
\abdominal - ANS stomach
\Abdominopelvic cavity (3) - ANS - superior abdominal cavity (stomach, intestines, spleen, liver)
- inferior pelvic cavity (bladder, some reproductive organs, rectum)
- not aligned with each other
\Abdominopelvic Quadrants (4) - ANS 1. right upper quadrant (RUQ)
2. left upper quadrant (LUQ)
3. right lower quadrant (RLQ)
4. left lower quadrant (LLQ)
\Abnormal spine curvatures - ANS - Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curve
- Kyphosis: (hunchback) - Exaggerated thoracic curve
- Lordosis: (swayback) - accentuated lumbar curvature
\Acetabulum (BF) - ANS hole in the hip that accepts the head of femur
\Acetabulum of pelvic girdle - ANS area where all 3 bones join »» forms socket of hip joint
\Amphiarthroses (function) - ANS slightly movable joint
\Anatomy of pelvic girdle - ANS different in male and female
\Annular ligament of elbow joint - ANS allows rotation of the radius
\Annulus fibrosus of intervertebral discs - ANS - outer collar of collagen & fibrocartilage
- holds together successive vertebrae & resists tension in spine
- limits expansion of nucleus pulpous when spine is compressed
\Anterior (ventral) - ANS toward or at the front of the body; in front of
\anterior sacral foramina - ANS - lies at lateral ends of ridges
- transmits posterior rami of sacral spinal nerves
\Appendicular division of body - ANS appendages or limbs attached to axis
\Appendicular skeleton - ANS - Bones of the limbs and their girdles
- attaches the upper limbs to the body trunk
- secures lower limbs to body trunk
- enables us to carry out movement
- Take a step, throw a ball, text a friend
\Appendicular Skeleton - ANS - bones of upper & lower limbs + pectoral/pelvic girdles
- attach limbs to axial skeleton
\Arch + body - ANS - enclose the vertebral foramen
\arcuate popliteal ligament - ANS reinforces joint capsule posteriorly
, \Arm (upper limb) - ANS humerus
\Articular (hyaline) cartilage - ANS provide cushioning so bone is not crushed
\Articular capsule - ANS Two layers:
•Outer fibrous capsule of dense irregular CT
•Inner synovial membrane of loose CT
\Articular surfaces (minor role) - ANS - shape of these of many joints is such that they don't
contribute stability
- Deep ball and socket joints have good shape for stability
\Articulate - ANS form a joint/ connect
\Articulation of hip (coxal) joint - ANS head of the femur and the acetabulum of the pelvic bone
\Atlas (C1) cervical vertebrae - ANS no body & no spinous process
- ring of bone consisting posterior & anterior neural arches
- has lateral masses with superior & inferior articular facets
- its superior surfaces (facets) of the lateral masses articulates with occipital condyles
\Axial division of body - ANS head, neck, trunk
\Axial Skeleton - ANS bones of skull, vertebral column, rib cage
\Axial skeleton - ANS Consists of 80 bones
- Three major regions: skull, thoracic cage, vertebral column
\Axis (C2) cervical vertebrae - ANS - more like other vertebrae, except for dens or odontoid
process
- projects superiorly into the anterior arch of the atlas
- is a pivot for the rotation of the atlas (allows head to shake 'yes and no')
\ball and socket joint - ANS Glenoid cavity: broadened slightly by the glenoid labrum
(fibrocartilagenous rim) but is still only 1/3rd the size of the head of the humerus.
- The only ligaments of note is the coracohumeral
- It is largely the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles that stabilize this joint.
\Ball and socket joint - ANS multiaxial joints
- most freely moving e.g. shoulder/ hip joint
\Big toe - ANS hallux
\Big toe is missing - ANS Medial phalange bone
\Body bone of sternum - ANS Articulates with ribs 2 to 7
\Bone - ANS living dynamic tissue that reacts to its enviro
\Bone - ANS reacts to amount of force applied to it by increasing density and amount of
roughening on the bone or by decreasing density when force is reduced (deposition vs.
resorption)
\Bone Remodelling - ANS - As the long bone lengthens, the shape of the ends must be altered
- Growing bones widen as they lengthen through appositional growth
- As the length increases, external surfaces of the ends made slimmer while the internal surface
made thicker
- Bone is destroyed by osteoclasts and laid down by osteoblasts on both the inner and outer
surfaces of a growing long bone
\Bone remodelling hormonal controls: PTH - ANS Produced by PT glands
- Removes calcium from bone regardless of bone integrity
