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WCU Pathophysiology Midterm Exam 2024

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WCU Pathophysiology Midterm Exam 2024 A patient is diagnosed with heart failure with normal ejection fraction. This patient is most likely characterized by a(n) - Answer-elderly woman without a previous history of MI. In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately? - Answer-Atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 220 beats/minute Aortic regurgitation is associated with - Answer-diastolic murmur. Mitral stenosis is associated with - Answer-a pressure gradient across the mitral valve. First-degree heart block is characterized by - Answer-prolonged PR interval. Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria? - Answer-128/82 Increased preload of the cardiac chambers may lead to which patient symptom? - Answer- Edema Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they - Answer-reduce cardiac output. Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of - Answer- peripheral pooling of blood. While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding? - Answer-Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. Hypertension is closely linked to - Answer-obstructive sleep apnea. In which stage of shock is a patient who has lost 1200 mL of blood, who has normal blood pressure when supine, but who experiences orthostatic hypotension upon standing? - Answer- Class II, Compensated Stage Administration of which therapy is most appropriate for hypovolemic shock? - Answer- Crystalloids Which finding is indicative of orthostatic hypotension in a person with a supine blood pressure (BP) of 110/70 and a heart rate (HR) of 100? - Answer-Sitting BP 88/60, HR 118 A patient is diagnosed with cardiogenic shock. The patient is hyperventilating and is therefore at risk for the respiratory complication of respiratory acidosis. - Answer-False A patient diagnosed with cardiogenic shock who is hyperventilating is at risk for respiratory alkalosis

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Which offers the best prognosis for the cure of cancer? - answer>>Early Detection
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Which statement is true regarding thalassemia? - answer>>It is a deficiency of one or more
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polypeptide chains.
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A common cause of heart failure is which of the following? (Select all that apply. - answer>>-
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Coronary artery disease
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-Cardiomyopathy

-Hypertension




Which is required for red blood cell production? (Select all that apply.) - answer>>-Iron
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-Folate

-Vitamin B12 bg




When the cause of a disease is due to unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the term to
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describe this is - answer>>latrogenic
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COPD type A is referred to as: - answer>>Emphysema
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,A heart that has to pump harder in order to effectively circulate blood is likely to undergo which
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type of cellular adaptation? - answer>>Hypertrophy
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Which pathogenetic change is associated with acute bronchitis? (Select all that apply.) - answer>>-
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Swelling from exudation of fluid bg bg bg bg




-Loss of ciliary function
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-Inflamed airways bg




Which is true regarding hemophilia A? - answer>>It is caused by factor VII deficiency.
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Which is a malignant disorder of mature antibody-secreting B lymphocytes or plasma cells? -
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answer>>Multiple myeloma
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The pathogenesis of tuberculosis includes the entrance of mycobacteria into the lungs and the
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resulting of which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - answer>>-Calcification
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-Ghon tubercles bg




-Formation of granulomas bg bg




-Activation of macrophages bg bg




Atherosclerosis predisposes to a number of processes that are factors in myocardial ischemia. These
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processes include - answer>>Thrombus Formation
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,Abnormal new cellular growth is referred to as - answer>>Neoplasia
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How many liters of blood are circulating in the human body at any one time? - answer>>4-6l
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What is the marker of choice for detecting a myocardial infarction? - answer>>Elevated serum levels
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of cardiac troponin
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Which is a risk factor associated with hypertension? (Select all that apply.) - answer>>-Age
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-African American race bg bg




-History of tobacco smoking bg bg bg




Which component of the blood is responsible for protecting the body by phagocytosis of
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microorganisms and other debris? - answer>>Leukocytes
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Which term is used to identify hypertension that has a specific disease as its cause? -
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answer>>Secondary
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Restoration of effective function is the goal of which level of prevention? - answer>>Teritary
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, Which restrictive disease is associated with the formation of an antigen-antibody complex, causing
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fibrosis of the lung? - answer>>Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
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The pathologic changes that occur in the development of coronary atherosclerotic lesions include
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cell damage resulting from which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - answer>>-The effects of
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oxidized lipids
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-An inflammatory response
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-The formation of plaques
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Which statements is true regarding serum potassium (K +) levels? (Select all that apply.) - answer>>-
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Hyperkalemia can result in weakness in the lower extremities.
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-Hyperkalemia can be characterized by intestinal cramping.
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-Hypokalemia can often cause muscle weakness. bg bg bg bg bg




-Hypokalemia can result in a paralytic ileus. bg bg bg bg bg bg




Cellular hypoxia results in - answer>>Failure of the sodium-potassium pump
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Which cellular change is seen with chronic bronchitis? - answer>>Increased eosinophils
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Which disease has the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells on histologic examination? -
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answer>>Hodgkin lymphoma
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