Advanced Patho Exam 1 DB Questions With Complete
Solutions
____ is known as pre-invasive neoplasms that are localized to
the epithelium and have NOT penetrated the local basement
membrane or invaded the surrounding stroma.
A. Benign tumor
B. Apoptosis
C. Carcinoma in situ
D. Adenocarcinoma - Answer: C
"Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial tumors
of glandular or squamous cell origin...These early stage cancers
are localized to the epithelium and have not penetrated the local
basement membrane or invaded the surround stroma" (McCance
& Huether, 2015, p. 348).
_____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and
organization of mature cells.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
,D. Dysplasia - THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to
abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature
cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54).
_________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or
tissue resulting from an increased rate of cellular division.
Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury has
been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________
is the production of growth factors, which stimulate the
remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide.
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy - The answer is A
"Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or
tissue resulting from an increased rate of cellular division.
Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury has
been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for
hyperplasia is the production of growth factors, which stimulate
the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of
new cells from tissue stem cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p.
48).
___________ is the "fuel" inside living cells.
Carbon dioxide
,Oxygen
Adenosine Triphosphate
Glucose - Answer: 3.
"Best known as ATP is its role as universal "fuel" inside living
cells. This fuel or energy drives biologic reactions necessary for
cells to function"(McCance & Huether, 2019, p. 23)
______________ code for proteins that help regulate normal cell
growth and differentiation.
A. oncogenes
B. oncomirs
C. karyotype
D. proto-oncogenes - Answer: D
"Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help regulate normal
cell growth and differentiation. If mutated, proto-oncogenes
become oncogenes that help to turn normal cells into cancer
cells" (Linder, L.A., 2019, p427).
(TRUE/FALSE) In order to grade a tumor, the TNM system is
used. - ANSWER: FALSE
Rationale: "Cancer staging initially involves determine the size
of the tumor, the degree to which it has locally invaded, and the
extent to which it has spread (metastasized)" (McCance and
Huether, 2019, pg. 370).
, A 36 year old female is being examined at the cancer center with
a new diagnosis of breast cancer. Which of the following would
the physician explain to her about neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
A. It is given before localized surgical or radiation treatment of a
cancer.
B. It is given after surgical excision of a cancer.
C. It is a type of monoclonal antibody.
D. It involves a radiation source that is temporarily placed into
body cavities. - Answer: A.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given before localized (surgical or
radiation) treatment of a cancer. As with induction
chemotherapy, the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy can be
determined by measuring the size of the tumor. Neoadjuvant
therapy can shrink a cancer so that surgery may spare more
normal tissue (Rote, 2019, p. 373).
A 38-year-old man recently diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma is
receiving instruction regarding the disease. Which statement by
the nurse is correct regarding Burkitt lymphoma?
1. The cause of Burkitt lymphomas are unknown.
2. Burkitt lymphomas are nonaggressive forms of cancer.
3. Burkitt lymphomas occur only in adults.
4. Due to its nonproliferation factor, Burkitt lymphomas affect
only red blood cells and do not result in tumor production. -
Answer:
1. The cause of Burkitt lymphomas are unknown (Witzig, 2018).
Solutions
____ is known as pre-invasive neoplasms that are localized to
the epithelium and have NOT penetrated the local basement
membrane or invaded the surrounding stroma.
A. Benign tumor
B. Apoptosis
C. Carcinoma in situ
D. Adenocarcinoma - Answer: C
"Carcinoma in situ (CIS) refers to preinvasive epithelial tumors
of glandular or squamous cell origin...These early stage cancers
are localized to the epithelium and have not penetrated the local
basement membrane or invaded the surround stroma" (McCance
& Huether, 2015, p. 348).
_____ refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and
organization of mature cells.
A. Hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Hyperplasia
,D. Dysplasia - THE ANSWER IS D. "Dysplasia refers to
abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of mature
cells" (McCance et al. 2014, p. 53-54).
_________ is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or
tissue resulting from an increased rate of cellular division.
Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury has
been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for _________
is the production of growth factors, which stimulate the
remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide.
A. Hyperplasia
B. Metaplasia
C. Dysplasia
D. Hypertrophy - The answer is A
"Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in an organ or
tissue resulting from an increased rate of cellular division.
Occurs as a response to injury that results when the injury has
been severe and prolonged. The main mechanism for
hyperplasia is the production of growth factors, which stimulate
the remaining cells to synthesize new cell components and
ultimately, to divide. Another mechanism is increased output of
new cells from tissue stem cells" (Brashers & Huether, 2019, p.
48).
___________ is the "fuel" inside living cells.
Carbon dioxide
,Oxygen
Adenosine Triphosphate
Glucose - Answer: 3.
"Best known as ATP is its role as universal "fuel" inside living
cells. This fuel or energy drives biologic reactions necessary for
cells to function"(McCance & Huether, 2019, p. 23)
______________ code for proteins that help regulate normal cell
growth and differentiation.
A. oncogenes
B. oncomirs
C. karyotype
D. proto-oncogenes - Answer: D
"Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that help regulate normal
cell growth and differentiation. If mutated, proto-oncogenes
become oncogenes that help to turn normal cells into cancer
cells" (Linder, L.A., 2019, p427).
(TRUE/FALSE) In order to grade a tumor, the TNM system is
used. - ANSWER: FALSE
Rationale: "Cancer staging initially involves determine the size
of the tumor, the degree to which it has locally invaded, and the
extent to which it has spread (metastasized)" (McCance and
Huether, 2019, pg. 370).
, A 36 year old female is being examined at the cancer center with
a new diagnosis of breast cancer. Which of the following would
the physician explain to her about neoadjuvant chemotherapy?
A. It is given before localized surgical or radiation treatment of a
cancer.
B. It is given after surgical excision of a cancer.
C. It is a type of monoclonal antibody.
D. It involves a radiation source that is temporarily placed into
body cavities. - Answer: A.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is given before localized (surgical or
radiation) treatment of a cancer. As with induction
chemotherapy, the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy can be
determined by measuring the size of the tumor. Neoadjuvant
therapy can shrink a cancer so that surgery may spare more
normal tissue (Rote, 2019, p. 373).
A 38-year-old man recently diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma is
receiving instruction regarding the disease. Which statement by
the nurse is correct regarding Burkitt lymphoma?
1. The cause of Burkitt lymphomas are unknown.
2. Burkitt lymphomas are nonaggressive forms of cancer.
3. Burkitt lymphomas occur only in adults.
4. Due to its nonproliferation factor, Burkitt lymphomas affect
only red blood cells and do not result in tumor production. -
Answer:
1. The cause of Burkitt lymphomas are unknown (Witzig, 2018).
