Memory Essay Plans
By Study HQ
,Memory essay plans included:
Outline and evaluate research related to the features of STM and LTM (coding, capacity, and
duration)
Discuss the multi-store model of memory
Discuss different types of long-term memory
Describe and evaluate the working memory model
Describe and evaluate interference as an explanation for forgetting
Describe and evaluate retrieval failure as an explanation for forgetting
Describe and evaluate research into the influence of misleading information on the accuracy
of eyewitness testimony.
Discuss what research has shown about the influence of anxiety on the accuracy of
eyewitness testimony
Describe and evaluate the cognitive interview as a way of improving the accuracy of
eyewitness testimony
, Describe and evaluate retrieval failure as an explanation for forgetting
Knowledge
Tulving - Encoding specificity - Cues are more effective if at encoding and at retrieval
principle
Context-dependent forgetting - The recall depends on an external cue
Godden and Badeley - Studied context-dependent forgetting
- Accurate recall is 40% lower in mismatched contexts
than in matched contexts.
- Retrieval failure was due to the absence of encoded
context cues at the time of recall.
State dependent forgetting - The recall depends on an internal cue
Carter and Cassiday - Studied State dependent forgetting
- Ptpts learned a list of words and later recalled them.
- They were either on drugs or not.
- Retrieval failure worse in conditions with mismatched
cues compared to matched cues.
Evaluation
P - Context effects vary in recall and recognition.
E - Godden and Badeley replicated using a recognition test instead of recall of words.
A - Found no context dependent effect.
C - Suggests retrieval failure only applies when a person has to recall information not recognise
it.
P - Strength. Real World application. Cognitive interview.
E - Gordon & Baddeley - Accurate recall 40% lower in mismatched contexts
A - Led to the ‘Reinstate the context’ element of the Cognitive interview, whereby eyewitnesses
return to the scene of the crime
C - Recall improved, supporting Tulvin’s encoding specificity principle
By Study HQ
,Memory essay plans included:
Outline and evaluate research related to the features of STM and LTM (coding, capacity, and
duration)
Discuss the multi-store model of memory
Discuss different types of long-term memory
Describe and evaluate the working memory model
Describe and evaluate interference as an explanation for forgetting
Describe and evaluate retrieval failure as an explanation for forgetting
Describe and evaluate research into the influence of misleading information on the accuracy
of eyewitness testimony.
Discuss what research has shown about the influence of anxiety on the accuracy of
eyewitness testimony
Describe and evaluate the cognitive interview as a way of improving the accuracy of
eyewitness testimony
, Describe and evaluate retrieval failure as an explanation for forgetting
Knowledge
Tulving - Encoding specificity - Cues are more effective if at encoding and at retrieval
principle
Context-dependent forgetting - The recall depends on an external cue
Godden and Badeley - Studied context-dependent forgetting
- Accurate recall is 40% lower in mismatched contexts
than in matched contexts.
- Retrieval failure was due to the absence of encoded
context cues at the time of recall.
State dependent forgetting - The recall depends on an internal cue
Carter and Cassiday - Studied State dependent forgetting
- Ptpts learned a list of words and later recalled them.
- They were either on drugs or not.
- Retrieval failure worse in conditions with mismatched
cues compared to matched cues.
Evaluation
P - Context effects vary in recall and recognition.
E - Godden and Badeley replicated using a recognition test instead of recall of words.
A - Found no context dependent effect.
C - Suggests retrieval failure only applies when a person has to recall information not recognise
it.
P - Strength. Real World application. Cognitive interview.
E - Gordon & Baddeley - Accurate recall 40% lower in mismatched contexts
A - Led to the ‘Reinstate the context’ element of the Cognitive interview, whereby eyewitnesses
return to the scene of the crime
C - Recall improved, supporting Tulvin’s encoding specificity principle
