NR507 MIDTERM EXAM 2025 SUMMER
QTR (COMPLETE) 100% SOLVED!
Innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER - the immunity we are born with
Immune response: 3 levels/lines of protection - CORRECT ANSWER - 1st line: physical,
mechanical, & biochemical barriers
2nd line: the inflammatory response 3rd
line: lymphocyte production
most important immune defense - CORRECT ANSWER - intact skin and mucous membranes
(impermeable barrier)
PAMP - CORRECT ANSWER - pathogen associated molecular pattern
surfaces of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes are covered with many foreign proteins
foreign
DAMP - CORRECT ANSWER - damage associated molecular pattern
many proteins are released from inside our cells when they are damaged foreign
PRR - CORRECT ANSWER - pattern recognition receptors
surfaces of WBCs contain these receptor sites
-continuously interact with any material they encounter to ID it as "self" or "non-self" (foreign;
PAMP or DAMP)
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - "cell eating"
1. opsonization and adherence
2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic
chemicals inside the lysosomes
5. egestion
Hypersensitivity Type 1: - CORRECT ANSWER - Allergic reaction
,Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Mediated by - CORRECT ANSWER - IgE
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Inflammation due to - CORRECT ANSWER - mast cell degranulation
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
local symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - itching, rash
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
systemic symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - wheezing
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
most dangerous form - CORRECT ANSWER - anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
main treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2: - CORRECT ANSWER - Cytotoxic
reaction; tissue specific (example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Primary effector cells involved - CORRECT ANSWER - macrophages
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
can cause - CORRECT ANSWER - tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of altered function - CORRECT ANSWER - graves disease (hyperthyroidism)-example
of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of tissue damage - CORRECT ANSWER - incompatible blood type-example of
cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes
are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER - Not organ
specific Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is deposited in the
tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3
Examples - CORRECT ANSWER - Rheumatoid arthritis - antigen/antibodies are deposited in
the joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - very closely related to
autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE - Type 3 autoimmune response - CORRECT ANSWER - facial rash
confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
photosensitivity
oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis of at lease 2 peripheral joints serositis
renal disorder
neurologic disorder
ANA
Autoimmune diseases can be - CORRECT ANSWER - familial
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
or - CORRECT ANSWER - histocompatibility
complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER - AKA isoimmunity
immune system of one individual produces a reaction against tissues of another individual
Alloimmunity examples - CORRECT ANSWER - -Neonatal disease where the maternal immune
system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
-Transplant rejection
-Transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - CORRECT ANSWER - T-cell
mediated delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
typical reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - localized contact
dermatitis (symptoms usually occur a few days later)
Differentiating between type 1 and type 4 rash reactions - CORRECT ANSWER -
Type I: IMMEDIATE hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are
usually characterized by widely distributed lesions
QTR (COMPLETE) 100% SOLVED!
Innate immunity - CORRECT ANSWER - the immunity we are born with
Immune response: 3 levels/lines of protection - CORRECT ANSWER - 1st line: physical,
mechanical, & biochemical barriers
2nd line: the inflammatory response 3rd
line: lymphocyte production
most important immune defense - CORRECT ANSWER - intact skin and mucous membranes
(impermeable barrier)
PAMP - CORRECT ANSWER - pathogen associated molecular pattern
surfaces of bacteria, viruses, and other microbes are covered with many foreign proteins
foreign
DAMP - CORRECT ANSWER - damage associated molecular pattern
many proteins are released from inside our cells when they are damaged foreign
PRR - CORRECT ANSWER - pattern recognition receptors
surfaces of WBCs contain these receptor sites
-continuously interact with any material they encounter to ID it as "self" or "non-self" (foreign;
PAMP or DAMP)
Chemotaxis - CORRECT ANSWER - Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical
stimulus Phagocytosis - CORRECT ANSWER - "cell eating"
1. opsonization and adherence
2. engulfment - WBC surrounds and ingests Ag
3. Fusion of phagosome with lysosome
4. destruction - phagosome digested by lysozyme, H202, acids, and other toxic
chemicals inside the lysosomes
5. egestion
Hypersensitivity Type 1: - CORRECT ANSWER - Allergic reaction
,Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Mediated by - CORRECT ANSWER - IgE
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
Inflammation due to - CORRECT ANSWER - mast cell degranulation
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
local symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - itching, rash
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
systemic symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - wheezing
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
most dangerous form - CORRECT ANSWER - anaphylactic reaction-systemic response-
hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
Hypersensitivity: Type 1
main treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - epinephrine
Hypersensitivity Type 2: - CORRECT ANSWER - Cytotoxic
reaction; tissue specific (example: thyroid tissue) hapten causes mediation of IgE or IgM
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
Primary effector cells involved - CORRECT ANSWER - macrophages
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
can cause - CORRECT ANSWER - tissue damage or alter function
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of altered function - CORRECT ANSWER - graves disease (hyperthyroidism)-example
of altering thyroid function, but does not destroy thyroid tissue
Hypersensitivity: Type 2
example of tissue damage - CORRECT ANSWER - incompatible blood type-example of
cell/tissue damage that occurs; severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes
are destroyed by agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
Hypersensitivity: Type 3 - CORRECT ANSWER - Not organ
specific Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reactions
-the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface and the complex is deposited in the
tissues
Hypersensitivity: Type 3
Examples - CORRECT ANSWER - Rheumatoid arthritis - antigen/antibodies are deposited in
the joints
, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - very closely related to
autoimmunity-antigen/antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
Scope of damage of SLE - Type 3 autoimmune response - CORRECT ANSWER - facial rash
confined to cheeks (malar rash)
discoid rash (raised patches, scaling)
photosensitivity
oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers
hematologic disorders
immunologic disorders
non-erosive arthritis of at lease 2 peripheral joints serositis
renal disorder
neurologic disorder
ANA
Autoimmune diseases can be - CORRECT ANSWER - familial
Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety of major
or - CORRECT ANSWER - histocompatibility
complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
Alloimmunity - CORRECT ANSWER - AKA isoimmunity
immune system of one individual produces a reaction against tissues of another individual
Alloimmunity examples - CORRECT ANSWER - -Neonatal disease where the maternal immune
system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus
-Transplant rejection
-Transfusion reaction
Hypersensitivity: Type 4 - CORRECT ANSWER - T-cell
mediated delayed response
Does not involve antigen/antibody complexes
Hypersensitivity: Type 4
typical reaction - CORRECT ANSWER - localized contact
dermatitis (symptoms usually occur a few days later)
Differentiating between type 1 and type 4 rash reactions - CORRECT ANSWER -
Type I: IMMEDIATE hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis, are
usually characterized by widely distributed lesions
