SMP Cardio Primer Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2025 A+

SMP Cardio Primer Exam 1 Questions & Answers 2025 A+ The sympathetic nervous system regulates the flight or fight response. What do the preganglionic nerves release? What receptors are stimulated on the postganglionic receptors? What is then released? - ANS-Preganglionic nerves release acetylcholine, which stimulates the cholinergic nicotinic receptors in the postganglionic nerves. The postganglionic neurons release NE. Depending on the tissue, SNS can cause an excitatory or inhibitory response. This depends on the receptors. What receptors are able to respond to both NE and Epi? Which is only able to respond to Epi? Why? - ANS-Alpha and Beta 1 receptors are innervated and are therefore able to respond to NE released by postganglionic neurons and circulating epi. Beta 2 receptors are not innervated and therefore only respond to epi. In the eyes, GI tract, skin, and blood vessels, what is the role of the alpha receptors? In the bronchi, heart, GI tract, kidney, liver, and blood vessels, what is the role of the beta receptors? - ANS-In the case of the alpha neurons, all of these are excitatory. They lead to pupil dilation, contraction of the sphincter, piloerection, vassoconstriction in blood vessels. With the beta receptors, it depends. In the heart, Beta 1 receptors are excitatory and increase heart rate, in kidneys they increase renin. Beta 2 receptors are inhibitors and lead to bronchodilation, glycogen breakdown, and vasodilation of the blood vessels. Innervation of the sweat glands is a little different. Like all SNS preganglionic fibers, they release ACh to a nicotinic receptor. What happens with the postganglionic fibers though? - ANS-