BIOS 251 Anatomy & Physiology I
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP during
cellular respiration?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Nucleus
ANS : B. Mitochondrion
Rationale : Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell,
where ATP is synthesized during aerobic respiration.
©2025
,2. Which tissue type is found lining the hollow organs of the
digestive system?
- A. Connective tissue
- B. Epithelial tissue
- C. Nervous tissue
- D. Muscle tissue
ANS : B. Epithelial tissue
Rationale : Epithelial tissue forms protective linings and is
involved in secretion and absorption.
3. What is the primary function of the sarcomere in muscle
contraction?
- A. Transmit nerve signals
- B. Store calcium ions
- C. Facilitate shortening of muscle fibers
- D. Protect the muscle structure
ANS : C. Facilitate shortening of muscle fibers
Rationale : The sarcomere is the functional unit of striated
muscle responsible for contraction through actin-myosin
interactions.
---
©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The ____ is the smallest structural and functional unit of life.
ANS : Cell
Rationale : Cells are the basic building blocks of all living
organisms, performing essential functions.
5. The process of ____ involves the movement of water across a
semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration.
ANS : Osmosis
Rationale : Osmosis is critical for maintaining fluid balance in
and between cells.
6. The connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers is
called ____.
ANS : Endomysium
Rationale : Endomysium provides structural support and
insulates muscle fibers.
---
©2025
, True/False Questions
7. The skeletal system stores calcium and phosphorus essential
for maintaining homeostasis.
ANS : True
Rationale : Bones act as reservoirs for these minerals,
releasing them as needed for bodily functions.
8. Blood flows from the pulmonary veins directly into the left
atrium of the heart.
ANS : True
Rationale : Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium from the
pulmonary veins before being pumped to the body.
9. The autonomic nervous system consists of voluntary motor
pathways only.
ANS : False
Rationale : The autonomic nervous system regulates
involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.
---
©2025
Complete Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP during
cellular respiration?
- A. Ribosome
- B. Mitochondrion
- C. Golgi apparatus
- D. Nucleus
ANS : B. Mitochondrion
Rationale : Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell,
where ATP is synthesized during aerobic respiration.
©2025
,2. Which tissue type is found lining the hollow organs of the
digestive system?
- A. Connective tissue
- B. Epithelial tissue
- C. Nervous tissue
- D. Muscle tissue
ANS : B. Epithelial tissue
Rationale : Epithelial tissue forms protective linings and is
involved in secretion and absorption.
3. What is the primary function of the sarcomere in muscle
contraction?
- A. Transmit nerve signals
- B. Store calcium ions
- C. Facilitate shortening of muscle fibers
- D. Protect the muscle structure
ANS : C. Facilitate shortening of muscle fibers
Rationale : The sarcomere is the functional unit of striated
muscle responsible for contraction through actin-myosin
interactions.
---
©2025
, Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The ____ is the smallest structural and functional unit of life.
ANS : Cell
Rationale : Cells are the basic building blocks of all living
organisms, performing essential functions.
5. The process of ____ involves the movement of water across a
semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute
concentration to high solute concentration.
ANS : Osmosis
Rationale : Osmosis is critical for maintaining fluid balance in
and between cells.
6. The connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibers is
called ____.
ANS : Endomysium
Rationale : Endomysium provides structural support and
insulates muscle fibers.
---
©2025
, True/False Questions
7. The skeletal system stores calcium and phosphorus essential
for maintaining homeostasis.
ANS : True
Rationale : Bones act as reservoirs for these minerals,
releasing them as needed for bodily functions.
8. Blood flows from the pulmonary veins directly into the left
atrium of the heart.
ANS : True
Rationale : Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium from the
pulmonary veins before being pumped to the body.
9. The autonomic nervous system consists of voluntary motor
pathways only.
ANS : False
Rationale : The autonomic nervous system regulates
involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.
---
©2025
